Black–White achievement gaps widen during the school year in both rural and nonrural schools¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · associational r2 · q3
Currency · newest study 2021 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person · recheck by 2026: baselines and conditions change

Subclaims¶

q3 i? In both rural and nonrural schools, Black–White achievement gaps widen during the school year, adding evidence that seasonal patterns shape racial achievement gaps. → Angela Johnson 2021

Evidence¶

Angela Johnson 2021¶

Angela Johnson, Megan Kuhfeld, James Soland. (2021). The forgotten 20 percent: Achievement and growth in rural schools across the nation. AERA Open. https://www.nwea.org/research/publication/the-forgotten-20-percent-achievement-and-growth-in-rural-schools-across-the-nation/

q3 · i? · associational · r2

Analysis of fall-to-spring growth for 840,000 K–8 students in 8,800 public schools, covering both rural and nonrural settings. The study states it "provides additional evidence that Black–White achievement gaps widen during the school year."

"In both rural and nonrural schools, the study provides additional evidence that Black–White achievement gaps widen during the school year."

Discussion¶

Related Claims¶

• The rural–nonrural achievement divergence is driven by larger summer losses for rural students — related
• Poor White students consistently outperformed poor Black and poor Hispanic students in achievement, with gaps widening around ages 7-8 — related
• Rural students start kindergarten slightly ahead of nonrural students but fall behind by middle school — related
• Asian students generally pull ahead of White students at a faster rate during summers than during school periods — related
• Black-White achievement gaps widen during school periods and shrink during summers among kindergarten through eighth-grade students — a broader claim this one bears on
• Math achievement of BVI students lags sighted peers and the gap widens with age — related
• Non-linear within-year growth has implications for extending the school year, summer learning loss, and racial/ethnic achievement gaps — a broader claim this one bears on
• Rural students are characterized as a substantially sized but overlooked group, comprising about 20 percent of the national student population — related
• North Carolina achievement has declined since 2013 and the Black-White NAEP gap widened between 2015 and 2017 in both eighth grade mathematics and reading — related
• The seasonal analysis of racial/ethnic disparities spans kindergarten through eighth grade — related
• A seasonal analysis of roughly 2 million students examines racial/ethnic disparities in learning from kindergarten through eighth grade — related