The rural–nonrural achievement divergence is driven by larger summer losses for rural students¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · associational r2 · q3
Currency · newest study 2021 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q3 i? Larger summer learning losses among rural students, rather than slower school-year growth, drive the divergence in achievement between rural and nonrural students. → Angela Johnson 2021

Evidence¶

Angela Johnson 2021¶

Angela Johnson, Megan Kuhfeld, James Soland. (2021). The forgotten 20 percent: Achievement and growth in rural schools across the nation. AERA Open. https://www.nwea.org/research/publication/the-forgotten-20-percent-achievement-and-growth-in-rural-schools-across-the-nation/

q3 · i? · associational · r2

Seasonal growth modeling across fall and spring test administrations for 840,000 K–8 students in 8,800 public schools. The authors report that "The divergence is driven by larger summer losses for rural students."

"The divergence is driven by larger summer losses for rural students."

Discussion¶

Learner Variables¶

• Time and Continuity — predictor: learners who differ on it differ in outcomes

Related Claims¶

• Black–White achievement gaps widen during the school year in both rural and nonrural schools — related
• Dually-identified EL/SPED students had the lowest scores with gaps widening over time, driven by larger summer loss — related
• Rural students start kindergarten slightly ahead of nonrural students but fall behind by middle school — related
• Summer learning loss is common but not inevitable among K-12 students — a broader claim this one bears on
• Non-linear within-year growth has implications for extending the school year, summer learning loss, and racial/ethnic achievement gaps — related
• Rural students are characterized as a substantially sized but overlooked group, comprising about 20 percent of the national student population — related
• Mean achievement in the studied cohort shows a saw-tooth seasonal pattern, with within-year gains followed by summer declines (summer learning loss) — a broader claim this one bears on
• Rural students' math and reading achievement can be characterized nationally using data from over 2,300 rural schools — a broader claim this one bears on