BOPPPS effects on self-study ability diverge by measure type: null on continuous, significant on dichotomous measures¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study (2 entries) · quant-synthesis r2 · q3 · i2 medium
Currency · newest study 2025 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q3 i? Three studies with continuous self-study ability measures did not indicate a significant improvement in the BOPPPS group (SMD 0.17, 95% CI -0.82–1.16, P = 0.74). → Zhu Jing 2025 q3 i2 Three studies with dichotomous self-study ability variables showed a significant difference favoring BOPPPS (OR 5.70, 95% CI 1.18–27.58, P = 0.03). → Zhu Jing 2025 (2)

Evidence¶

Zhu Jing 2025¶

Zhu Jing, Xiao Heng, Zhou Rui, Gan Xiaochuang, Gou Qitao, Tie Hongtao. (2025). The efficacy of the BOPPPS teaching model in clinical and health education: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Medical Education. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-025-07274-9

q3 · i? · quant-synthesis · r2

Random-effects pooling of three studies (501 participants) with continuous self-study ability measures; pooled SMD = 0.17 was not statistically significant (P = 0.74), with I² = 0.96. Equivalence was not tested.

"Regarding self-study ability, three studies employed continuous variables, but they did not indicate a significant improvement within the BOPPPS group when compared to the control group (SMD 0.17, 95% CI -0.82-1.16; P = 0.74; Table 5)."

Zhu Jing 2025 (2)¶

Zhu Jing, Xiao Heng, Zhou Rui, Gan Xiaochuang, Gou Qitao, Tie Hongtao. (2025). The efficacy of the BOPPPS teaching model in clinical and health education: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Medical Education. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-025-07274-9

q3 · i2 · quant-synthesis · r2

Random-effects pooling of three studies (607 participants) with dichotomous self-study ability variables; effect size OR = 5.70 (95% CI 1.18–27.58), I² = 0.84, favoring the BOPPPS group.

"In three studies employing dichotomous variables, a significant difference was observed between the BOPPPS group and the control group (OR 5.70, 95% CI 1.18–27.58; P = 0.03; Table 5)."

Discussion¶

Related Claims¶

• BOPPPS teaching improves learning initiative compared with traditional teaching — related
• BOPPPS teaching improves learning retention skills compared with traditional teaching — related