Boys received significantly more process praise than girls, despite equal overall praise¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · associational r2 · q2
Currency · newest study 2013 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q2 i? Cumulatively, 24.4% of praise boys received was process praise versus 10.3% for girls, a difference significant across all three ages and all measures. → Gunderson Elizabeth A. 2013

Evidence¶

Gunderson Elizabeth A. 2013¶

Gunderson Elizabeth A., Gripshover Sarah J., Romero Carissa, Dweck Carol S., Goldin-Meadow Susan, Levine Susan C. (2013). Parent Praise to 1-3 Year-Olds Predicts Children's Motivational Frameworks 5 Years Later. Child development. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12064

q2 · i? · associational · r2

Gender comparison in the same observational sample (29 boys, 24 girls); the difference held as percent of total praise (t(51) = 3.20, p < .01), percent of total utterances (t(51) = 3.27), and raw count (t(51) = 3.35), and at each child age. Overall praise amounts did not differ by gender (p = .29). No standardized effect size is printed.

"Cumulatively across all time points, 24.4% of the praise that boys received was process praise (SD = 18.7%), whereas only 10.3% of the praise that girls received was process praise (SD = 7.9%)"

Discussion¶

Learner Variables¶

• Gender — predictor: outcomes differ by group: a gap reflecting circumstances and treatment, not a cause

Related Claims¶

• Boys received more process praise and scored higher in 4th grade math than girls in this sample — a broader claim this one bears on
• Girls outperform boys on effortful control, teacher-rated social competence, and achievement in this sample — reports the opposite
• Process praise to toddlers predicts fourth grade math and reading comprehension achievement via children's incremental motivational frameworks — related