Boys received more process praise and scored higher in 4th grade math than girls in this sample¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · associational r2 · q3 · i3 large
Currency · newest study 2018 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q3 i3 Boys received a larger proportion of process praise as toddlers than girls (d = 0.90) and had higher 4th grade math scores (d = 0.82); indirect paths from gender through praise and frameworks to achievement were significant. → Gunderson 2018

Evidence¶

Gunderson 2018¶

Gunderson, E. A., Sorhagen, N. S., Gripshover, S. J., Dweck, C. S., Goldin-Meadow, S., & Levine, S. C. (2018). Parent Praise to Toddlers Predicts Fourth Grade Academic Achievement via Children's Incremental Mindsets. Developmental Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000444

q3 · i3 · associational · r2

Preliminary t-test comparisons in the same longitudinal sample. Boys' process praise advantage (d = 0.90) and marginal framework advantage (d = 0.48) are printed; boys also showed higher 4th grade math (t(48) = 2.83, p = .007, d = 0.82).

"Boys received a larger proportion of process praise as toddlers than girls, t(51) = 3.20, p = .002, d = 0.90, and had marginally stronger incremental motivational frameworks in 2nd–3rd grade than girls, t(51) = 1.69, p = .097, d = 0.48"

Discussion¶

Learner Variables¶

• Gender — predictor: outcomes differ by group: a gap reflecting circumstances and treatment, not a cause

Related Claims¶

• Girls with ADHD were rated as having more severe ADHD symptoms than boys with ADHD in this sample — related
• Process praise to toddlers predicts fourth grade math and reading comprehension achievement via children's incremental motivational frameworks — related
• Women scored about 33 SAT-M points lower than men who took the same math course and received the same grade — related
• SAT scores underpredict the academic performance of high school girls, who average lower scores than boys despite higher grades — related
• Across nations, boys outperform girls in mathematics by a small average margin while girls outperform boys in reading by a margin three times larger — a broader claim this one bears on
• The mathematics sex difference favoring boys is more consistently found among higher-achieving nations, with considerable variability among lower-scoring countries — related
• Process praise effects persist after controlling for overall parent talk and SES, suggesting they are not proxies for general engagement — related
• Boys scored significantly higher than girls on IQ in the sample (p=.001) — related
• Boys received significantly more process praise than girls, despite equal overall praise — a narrower finding that bears on this claim
• Girls show early EF and ToM advantages, but the EF advantage diminishes with age while the ToM advantage persists — related
• Girls were on average more accurate than boys in equation rearrangement, with no significant difference in speed — related
• Girls outperform boys on effortful control, teacher-rated social competence, and achievement in this sample — reports the opposite
• Parents' naturalistic process praise at child ages 14-38 months predicts children's incremental motivational frameworks at age 7-8 — related
• Boys show greater fitness and physical activity than girls, but academic achievement does not differ by sex in this sample — reports the opposite
• No statistically significant sex differences in the direct associations among EF, task orientation, and mathematics or in the mediating effect of task orientation — related
• Girls scored lower than boys on fifth grade Numerical Operations, with the gap smaller in earlier grades, but no sex difference in fifth grade word reading — related
• Teacher-rated grades show girls rated slightly higher than boys, but gender is unrelated to test performance — related
• Studies reporting age and gender differences in student engagement unanimously show higher engagement for girls and younger students — related
• Boys outperform girls on the final two-digit number test in this sample — related