Cardiovascular fitness is positively associated with spelling but not with reading in primary school children¶
Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · associationalr?·q3
Currency · newest study 2014 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person
Subclaims¶
Reading the evidence codes
q is the design tier, i the impact, n the sample, and the kind with its r
the rigour judged within that kind: what each code means.
This claim: no standardized effect is recorded in observations/ for it yet, so no benchmark reading is possible.
q3 i? Multilevel analysis showed a positive association between cardiovascular fitness and spelling (beta = 0.16), but no association with reading. → de Greeff 2014
Evidence¶
de Greeff 2014¶
de Greeff, J. W.; Hartman, E.; Mullender-Wijnsma, M. J.; Bosker, R. J.; Doolaard, S.; & Visscher, C. (2014). Physical fitness and academic performance in primary school children with and without a social disadvantage. Health Education Research, 29(5), 853-860. https://doi.org/10.1093/her/cyu043
q3 · i? · associational · r?
Multilevel analysis in the same 544-child sample relating cardiovascular fitness to spelling and reading scores. The association with spelling was positive, "beta = 0.16", while no association was found with reading. The article prints this regression coefficient but no standardised effect size, so no impact magnitude is coded; none is printed for the reading null result either.
"In the total group, multilevel analysis showed positive associations between cardiovascular fitness and mathematics (beta = 0.23), and between cardiovascular fitness and spelling (beta = 0.16), but not with reading."
Discussion¶
Learner Variables¶
- Physical Well-Being — predictor: learners who differ on it differ in outcomes
Related Claims¶
- Cardiovascular fitness is positively associated with mathematics performance in primary school children regardless of socioeconomic status — related
- Social disadvantage moderates the relationship between cardiovascular fitness and spelling — related
- Higher fit children show superior mathematics achievement but no reading or spelling advantage over lower fit children — reports the opposite
- Socially disadvantaged children do not differ in physical fitness but score significantly lower on academic performance than non-disadvantaged peers — related
- Muscular fitness shows no association with academic performance in primary school children — related
Page metadata
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
type |
claim |
id |
cardiovascular-fitness-spelling-not-reading |
title |
Cardiovascular fitness is positively associated with spelling but not with reading in primary school children |
description |
Cardiovascular fitness is positively associated with spelling but not with reading in primary school children |
status |
review |
evidence_strength |
moderate |
newest_evidence |
2014 |
generated |
by process:wiki-ingest on 2026-10-17 |
trust |
unverified — no one has confirmed this page's content |
sources |
1 — de-greeff-2014 |
Frontmatter is the page's machine-readable record — see the Schema & Guide.