On the immediate posttest of explicit L2 knowledge, direct CF and metalinguistic CF with rule explanations outperformed the control group while metalinguistic code CF did not.¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study (2 entries) · causal r2 · q3 · i3 large
Currency · newest study 2020 · checked against its sources 2026-10-20 (automated, 2 of 2 entries) · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q3 i3 The DR, MS and MN groups scored significantly higher than the CO group on the immediate error correction posttest with large effect sizes, while the MC group did not differ from the control group. → Jang 2020 q3 i3 A repeated measures ANOVA on error correction scores showed a significant time by group interaction, indicating that group differences changed over time. → Jang 2020 (2)

Evidence¶

Jang 2020¶

Jang, Sung-Soo. (2020). The efficacy of different types of metalinguistic information in L2 written corrective feedback. English Teaching, 75(4), 33-56. https://doi.org/10.15858/engtea.75.4.202012.33

q3 · i3 · causal · r2

Tukey pairwise comparisons in the error correction test results of the four-session experiment with 93 low-intermediate Korean EFL learners randomly assigned to four CF groups and a control. The study reports "large" effects, "d = 1.202 for DR; d = 1.156 for MS; d = 1.204 for MN", with the MC group not outperforming controls.

"Specifically, all the experimental groups except for the MC group performed better than the CO group on the immediate posttest. Effect sizes between the CO group and the experimental groups were large (d = 1.202 for DR; d = 1.156 for MS; d = 1.204 for MN)."

Jang 2020 (2)¶

Jang, Sung-Soo. (2020). The efficacy of different types of metalinguistic information in L2 written corrective feedback. English Teaching, 75(4), 33-56. https://doi.org/10.15858/engtea.75.4.202012.33

q3 · i3 · causal · r2

Factorial repeated measures ANOVA on error correction test scores with time and group as factors, reported in the Results section. The omnibus "time Ⅹ group interaction" was significant, F(8, 176) = 5.243, p < .001, η2 = .192, alongside significant main effects for group and time.

"The ANOV A showed significant main effects for group, F(4, 88) = 4.974, p = .001, η2 = .184, significant main effects for time, F(2, 176) = 68.308, p < .001, η2 = .437, and a significant time Ⅹ group interaction, F(8, 176) = 5.243, p < .001, η2 = .192."

Discussion¶

Related Claims¶

• On the immediate posttest of implicit L2 knowledge, direct CF and metalinguistic CF with rule explanations outperformed the control group while metalinguistic code CF did not. — related
• Corrective feedback on second-language errors has a significant effect on L2 development that is maintained on delayed tests — related
• Metalinguistic written CF was equivalent, not superior, to non-metalinguistic direct CF, contrasting with previous studies whose metalinguistic CF also contained correct forms. — related
• Corrective feedback facilitates L2 grammatical development, with explicit feedback stronger immediately and implicit feedback better maintained over time — related
• All four written CF types, including metalinguistic code CF, outperformed the control group on the delayed posttest of implicit L2 knowledge. — related
• High-information feedback has a very large effect (d = 0.99) while reinforcement/punishment has a low effect (d = 0.24) — related
• Explicit instruction facilitates the acquisition of L2 grammar — related
• All four written CF types, including metalinguistic code CF, outperformed the control group on the delayed posttest of explicit L2 knowledge two weeks later. — related
• Explicit correction did not produce evidence of learned morphological generalizations to novel stimuli in adult L2 learners — related