Closed-loop TMR timed to the slow-oscillation up-state improves memory consolidation relative to down-state cueing, though direct up-vs-down comparisons yield mixed results¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study (2 entries) · causal r? · q2
Currency · newest study 2024 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q2 i? In one large-stimulus study, up-state cueing reduced overnight forgetting compared to down-state cueing. → Julia Carbone & Susanne Diekelmann 2024 q2 i? Two studies found no memory difference between up-state and down-state cueing. → Julia Carbone & Susanne Diekelmann 2024 (2)

Evidence¶

Julia Carbone & Susanne Diekelmann 2024¶

Julia Carbone & Susanne Diekelmann. (2024). An update on recent advances in targeted memory reactivation during sleep. npj Science of Learning. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41539-024-00244-8

q2 · i? · causal · r?

The review attributes to Ngo and Staresina a closed-loop study cueing 120 verb-image-sound associations during SO up-states or down-states in NREM sleep. "reduced overnight forgetting when cueing occurred during the SO up-state compared to the down-state"; no effect size printed.

"Using this protocol, behavioral results revealed reduced overnight forgetting when cueing occurred during the SO up-state compared to the down-state (Fig. 2a)."

Julia Carbone & Susanne Diekelmann 2024 (2)¶

Julia Carbone & Susanne Diekelmann. (2024). An update on recent advances in targeted memory reactivation during sleep. npj Science of Learning. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41539-024-00244-8

q2 · i? · review · r2

The review reports that in Wang and colleagues' word-pair closed-loop study, "No differences were found in memory performance betweenup-state and down-state cueing", and likewise Göldi et al. found no up-state superiority over down-state directly; equivalence was not established.

"No differences were found in memory performance betweenup-state and down-state cueing."

Discussion¶

Learner Variables¶

• Long-Term Memory — outcome: instruction changes it

Related Claims¶

• TMR can be used to selectively weaken or promote forgetting of specific memories during sleep — related
• Odor TMR applied in regular school settings improves vocabulary and history memory with large effect sizes — related
• Exploratory analysis finds moderate-magnitude correlation between fast spindle-slow oscillation coupling strength and retention of no-feedback retrieval-practice items — related
• TMR enhances declarative memory after one night of sleep across paradigms, though some recent studies did not replicate the effect — related