TMR can be used to selectively weaken or promote forgetting of specific memories during sleep¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study (2 entries) · review r2 · q2
Currency · newest study 2024 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q2 i? Cues signalling forgetting, re-presented during sleep, reduced later memory for the associated items. → Julia Carbone & Susanne Diekelmann 2024 q2 i? Sound cues that induced sleep arousals selectively weakened the associated memories. → Julia Carbone & Susanne Diekelmann 2024 (2)

Evidence¶

Julia Carbone & Susanne Diekelmann 2024¶

Julia Carbone & Susanne Diekelmann. (2024). An update on recent advances in targeted memory reactivation during sleep. npj Science of Learning. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41539-024-00244-8

q2 · i? · review · r2

The review attributes this to Schechtman and colleagues, who cued to-be-forgotten vs to-be-remembered images during a nap. "memory performance was reduced for the to-be-forgotten images" associated with re-presented cues; no effect size printed.

"During a subsequent afternoon nap, sound cues used to signal forgetting were presented again. After sleep, memory performance was reduced for the to-be-forgotten images associated with the presented cues relative to those cues not presented during sleep."

Julia Carbone & Susanne Diekelmann 2024 (2)¶

Julia Carbone & Susanne Diekelmann. (2024). An update on recent advances in targeted memory reactivation during sleep. npj Science of Learning. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41539-024-00244-8

q2 · i? · review · r2

The review attributes to Whitmore and colleagues the finding that manipulating cue intensity during sleep produced arousals, and "sound cues tha t induced sleep arousals selectively weakened the associated memories". No effect size printed.

"They observed that reactivation with sound cues tha t induced sleep arousals selectively weakened the associated memories47."

Discussion¶

Learner Variables¶

• Long-Term Memory — outcome: instruction changes it

Related Claims¶

• Closed-loop TMR timed to the slow-oscillation up-state improves memory consolidation relative to down-state cueing, though direct up-vs-down comparisons yield mixed results — related
• TMR enhances declarative memory after one night of sleep across paradigms, though some recent studies did not replicate the effect — related
• TMR effects on procedural motor memory emerge over weeks rather than at 24 hours — related
• In self-cued directed forgetting, selected words were better recalled than unselected words regardless of whether they were designated to-be-remembered or to-be-forgotten — related
• TMR during REM sleep, but not SWS, reduces arousal ratings of negative emotional pictures — related