Combining real and virtual laboratories outperforms either single modality in physics learning outcomes¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · review r2 · q3
Currency · newest study 2026 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q3 i? Real–virtual laboratory combinations produced the most consistent, superior conceptual gains relative to single-modality instruction. → Yahya Fahmi 2026

Evidence¶

Yahya Fahmi 2026¶

Yahya Fahmi, Rusijono Rusijono, Dewi Utari, Metafisika Kartika, Lestiani Winda, Hermansyah Hermansyah, Asbanu Dens E. S. I. (2026). Bridging Pedagogy and Technology: A Systematic Literature Review on Inquiry-Collaborative Models Assisted with Virtual Laboratory in Physics Education. F1000Research 15:1682. https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.191181.1

q3 · i? · review · r2

Narrative thematic synthesis of the review corpus (21 reports, 20 studies supporting this theme). The review reports that real-virtual combinations were superior, with Flegr et al. (2023b) showing "real and virtual experiments together outperform real experiments alone among 202 secondary students".

"When modalities are combined, the direction becomes far more consistent. Flegr et al. (2023b) showed that real and virtual experiments together outperform real experiments alone among 202 secondary students"

Discussion¶

Related Claims¶

• Affective outcomes of virtual-laboratory modalities are divided and interact with learners' initial attitude profiles — related
• Virtual laboratories match physical laboratories on conceptual mastery, with domain-specific advantages and disadvantages — related
• Physical and virtual laboratory modalities produce different learning processes and transfer despite equivalent test scores — related
• Combining a video experiment with a virtual experiment does not foster conceptual understanding more than a virtual experiment alone during remote schooling — reports the opposite
• Physical Experience Enhances Science Learning — related