A common underlying proficiency exists for print knowledge, and it accounted for more variance than for phonological awareness, contrary to the authors' hypothesis¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · associational r3 · q3
Currency · newest study 2017 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q3 i? The bifactor model fit better than the two-factor model for print knowledge, and the general factor accounted for approximately 79% of variance in total print knowledge scores. → Goodrich J. Marc 2017

Evidence¶

Goodrich J. Marc 2017¶

Goodrich J. Marc, Lonigan Christopher J. (2017). Language-Independent and Language-Specific Aspects of Early Literacy: An Evaluation of the Common Underlying Proficiency Model. Journal of Educational Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1037/edu0000179

q3 · i? · associational · r3

Omega statistics from the bifactor print knowledge model in the sample of 858 preschoolers; "approximately 79% of variance in total print knowledge scores was due to the General factor". The two-factor correlation was r = .61, p < .001.

"Omega statistics indicated that approximately 79% of variance in total print knowledge scores was due to the General factor, approximately 17% was due to the Spanish factor, and approximately 3% was due to the English factor."

Discussion¶

Related Claims¶

• Spanish-speaking language-minority preschoolers show a common underlying proficiency for phonological awareness, with bifactor models fitting better than correlated-factors models — related
• Spanish phonological awareness items loaded more strongly on the general factor than English items, while English print knowledge items loaded more strongly than Spanish items — related
• Language-independent phonological awareness and print knowledge factors relate to each other and to language-specific early literacy factors, suggesting a general language-learning capacity — a broader claim this one bears on
• No common underlying proficiency emerges for oral language: bifactor models of expressive and definitional vocabulary did not converge — related
• Higher order cognitive skills (inference, perspective taking, comprehension monitoring) fit a bifactor structure with a general cross-language factor and language-specific factors in English and Spanish — related