The moderating effects of school competitiveness on SES gaps were statistically significant but small in size¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · associational r2 · q3
Currency · newest study 2026 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q3 i? The SES-by-competitiveness interactions were statistically significant, but the article characterizes their effect sizes as small; no numeric effect size is printed in the supplied text. → Nathalie Aerts 2026

Evidence¶

Nathalie Aerts 2026¶

Nathalie Aerts, Thijs Bol, Eddie Brummelman. (2026). Competitive school environments and socioeconomic achievement inequality: A preregistered analysis of data from 69 countries. Learning and Instruction. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2026.102414

q3 · i? · associational · r2

From the Results of the preregistered PISA 2018 hierarchical linear modeling across 69 countries. The article reports only that "effects sizes were small" for the significant interactions; no numeric effect size appears in the supplied text.

"While these interactions were statistically significant, effects sizes were small."

Discussion¶

Related Claims¶

• In more competitive school environments, lower-SES students perform better academically than their more advantaged peers, narrowing SES achievement gaps — possibly the same claim (merge candidate)
• In more competitive school environments, students from lower SES backgrounds report more positive self-views than their more advantaged peers, narrowing SES gaps in self-views — related
• The manuscript reports that income inequality fosters competitiveness at school, as stated in its title. — related