A three-week Disability Camp Program significantly improved general attitudes of campers without disabilities toward including a peer with a physical disability in a summer sport and leisure activity camp¶
Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · causalr1·q2·i3large
Currency · newest study 2014 · checked against its sources 2026-11-02 (automated, 1 of 1 entry) · not reviewed by a person
Subclaims¶
Reading the evidence codes
q is the design tier, i the impact, n the sample, and the kind with its r
the rigour judged within that kind: what each code means.
This claim: no standardized effect is recorded in observations/ for it yet, so no benchmark reading is possible.
q2 i3 Campers who attended the DCP improved their general attitudes from pre to post (M 15.30 to 17.88) while the control group's did not change (M 14.41 to 14.30); the group × time interaction was significant (partial η² = .146). Groups were not randomly assigned. → Papaioannou 2014
Evidence¶
Papaioannou 2014¶
Papaioannou, C., Evaggelinou, C., & Block, M. (2014). The effect of a disability camp program on attitudes towards the inclusion of children with disabilities in a summer sport and leisure activity camp. International Journal of Special Education, 29(1), 121-127. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1033944
q2 · i3 · causal · r1
A 2x2 repeated measures ANOVA on general attitude scores of 387 campers found significant main effects of pre-post measure and group, plus a significant interaction (F (1, 385) = 65.74, p < .001, partial η² = .146): the experimental (DCP) group's attitudes improved while the control group's did not change. Campers were divided into experimental (n = 197) and control (n = 190) groups with no random assignment reported, so the comparison is quasi-experimental and pre-existing differences between the groups cannot be ruled out.
"Analysis of variance revealed two significant main effects regarding pre-post measure (F (1, 385) = 63.62, p < .001, partial η² = .142) and group (F (1, 385) = 99.08, p < .001, partial η² = .205)."
Discussion¶
Related Claims¶
- The DCP significantly improved sport-specific attitudes toward rule and game modifications for basketball, contrasting with prior studies showing decreased sport-specific attitudes — related
- Simulated disability sport activities (wheelchair basketball, wheelchair rugby, boccia) were perceived by the authors as the most important activities leading to positive attitude change — related
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