Deliberative discourse promotes pedagogies of public deliberation, which are critiqued for exclusion and consensus bias¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study (2 entries) · review r3 · q2
Currency · newest study 2019 · checked against its sources 2026-10-20 (automated, 2 of 2 entries) · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q2 i? Deliberative democratic educators recommend pedagogies including communities of inquiry, generic deliberative strategies, work with controversial issues, and structured academic controversies in which students interrogate issues from multiple perspectives and seek consensual solutions. → Edda Sant 2019 q2 i? Multiculturalist and agonistic critics argue deliberation may be discriminatory, exclude students who feel they lack the right to speak, and value consensus over conflict and plurality. → Edda Sant 2019 (2)

Evidence¶

Edda Sant 2019¶

Edda Sant. (2019). Democratic Education: A Theoretical Review (2006–2017). Review of Educational Research. https://doi.org/10.3102/0034654319862493

q2 · i? · review · r3

The review's analysis of the deliberative version identifies its pedagogical repertoire: "Those drawing on deliberative democracy, as constructed by Habermas and Rawls, recommend deliberative pedagogies," alongside communities of inquiry, communicative education such as rhetoric and media education, and social studies, geography, and history as key subjects.

"Those drawing on deliberative democracy, as constructed by Habermas and Rawls, recommend deliberative pedagogies, including generic deliberative pedagogical strategies (Kessel, 2015; Parker, 2010; Waghid, 2009), working with controversial issues (Camicia & Dobson, 2010; Hess, 2008; Tannebaum, Peterson, & Tierney, 2015), and with structured academic controversies (Bickmore & Parker, 2014; Lo, 2017; Parker, 2010)."

Edda Sant 2019 (2)¶

Edda Sant. (2019). Democratic Education: A Theoretical Review (2006–2017). Review of Educational Research. https://doi.org/10.3102/0034654319862493

q2 · i? · review · r3

In the Debates and Critiques section the review reports multiculturalist concerns that deliberation may be discriminatory because language and communication is never neutral, and that "Social groups or students who believe that they do not have the right to speak might be easily excluded (Lo, 2017)," citing a case of a Black student whose voice was silenced.

"Social groups or students who believe that they do not have the right to speak might be easily excluded (Lo, 2017)."

Discussion¶

Related Claims¶

• A discursive review of 377 peer-reviewed articles identifies eight versions of democratic education — a broader claim this one bears on
• Participatory discourse privileges action and praxis over communication and consensus, and treats elitism as antidemocratic — related
• Deliberative policy proposals center on inclusive decision making governed by nonrepression and nondiscrimination principles — a narrower finding that bears on this claim
• Mutual understanding on the euro prevailed among participants in the Danish Deliberative Poll — related
• Liberal discourse grounds democratic education in knowledge of democratic institutions and critical thinking across the curriculum — related
• Multiculturalist discourse prioritizes diversity over universal frameworks and recommends curricula of self-understanding, encounter with the Other, and intercultural competency — related