The disorientation strategy negatively predicted OMR performance in the moderate and ambivalent profiles but not in the positive profile¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · associational r2 · q2
Currency · newest study 2026 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q2 i? Disorientation showed a statistically significant negative effect on OMR performance in G2 and G3, with no significant effect in G1. → Zhu 2026 q2 i? The control strategy showed no significant effects on performance in any group. → Zhu 2026

Evidence¶

Zhu 2026¶

Zhu, S., Yao, Y., Cheong, C. M., & Zhu, X. (2026). Latent motivational-emotional profiles and their effects on strategy use and performance in online multimodal reading tasks: A mixed-methods investigation. Learning and Instruction. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2026.102386

q2 · i? · associational · r2

Multigroup path analysis of behavioral strategies (disorientation, control) on OMR performance across the three profiles; the article characterizes the coefficients as "small to moderate negative associations" and reports no significant effects for disorientation in G1 or for control in any group (p > .05).

"the "Disorientation" strategy in the G2 and G3 demonstrated a statistically significant negative effect, with β = .276, p < .01, and β = .296, p < .01, respectively, indicating small to moderate negative associations"

Discussion¶

Related Claims¶

• The ambivalent profile reported the highest OMR strategy use but achieved the lowest OMR performance, while the positive profile scored highest — related
• Ambivalent-profile students undervalued visual information and rigidly applied print-reading strategies, undermining their OMR comprehension — related
• Strategy effectiveness varied across profiles: main idea selection helped only the ambivalent group and trial-and-error helped only the moderate group — related
• Hong Kong fourth graders' OMR self-efficacy and emotions form three distinct motivational-emotional profiles: positive, moderate, and ambivalent — related