An apparent switching advantage in dyslexia (lower switching reaction-time cost) disappears after controlling for processing speed¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 2 studies · 2 associational r2 · q3 · i2 medium
Currency · newest study 2018 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q3 i2 Dyslexia showed a significantly lower switching z-mean reaction time cost than controls (Cohen's d = -0.60). → Doyle C 2018 q3 i? The switching reaction time cost difference was no longer significant after controlling for processing speed; equivalence was not tested. → Doyle C 2018 (2)

Evidence¶

Doyle C 2018¶

Doyle C, Smeaton AF, Roche RAP and Boran L (2018) Inhibition and Updating, but Not Switching, Predict Developmental Dyslexia and Individual Variation in Reading Ability. Front. Psychol. 9:795. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00795

q3 · i2 · associational · r2

Case-control ANOVA on switching z-mean reaction time cost composites (Number-Letter and Phoneme switch tasks) in the dyslexia vs control sample. Dyslexia showed "a significantly lower switching z-mean reaction time cost score," Cohen's d = −0.60.

"At the composite level, dyslexia is characterized by a significantly lower switching z-mean reaction time cost score than control participants [ F(1, 54) = 5.03, p = 0.029, Cohen'sd = −0.60]."

Doyle C 2018 (2)¶

Doyle C, Smeaton AF, Roche RAP and Boran L (2018) Inhibition and Updating, but Not Switching, Predict Developmental Dyslexia and Individual Variation in Reading Ability. Front. Psychol. 9:795. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00795

q3 · i? · associational · r2

ANCOVA controlling for processing speed in the same sample. The switching reaction time cost difference was "no longer significant," F(1, 53) = 2.55, p = 0.116; equivalence was not tested.

"After controlling for individual variation in processing spe ed, significant differences for the switching z-mean reaction time cost score are no longer significant [ F(1, 53) = 2.55, p = 0.116]."

Discussion¶

Related Claims¶

• Children with developmental dyslexia show a significant updating impairment at the error z-mean composite level, which remains after controlling for processing speed
• Task-level executive function differences in dyslexia on the Phoneme Go No-Go and Picture 2-back tasks are no longer significant after controlling for processing speed
• Children with developmental dyslexia show a processing speed impairment relative to controls — related
• Children with developmental dyslexia show a significant inhibition impairment at the error z-mean composite level, which remains after controlling for processing speed — related