Adult learners below secondary education show higher controlled regulation and lower academic self-concept and learning strategies than those above it¶
Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · associationalr1·q2
Currency · newest study 2017 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person · overdue for a recheck since 2022: baselines and conditions change
Subclaims¶
Reading the evidence codes
q is the design tier, i the impact, n the sample, and the kind with its r
the rigour judged within that kind: what each code means.
This claim: no standardized effect is recorded in observations/ for it yet, so no benchmark reading is possible.
q2 i? Participants below the secondary education level had significantly higher controlled regulation and scored lower in academic self-concept and learning strategies than participants with at least secondary education. → Ana Rothes 2017
Evidence¶
Ana Rothes 2017¶
Ana Rothes, Marina S. Lemos, and Teresa Gonçalves. (2017). Motivational Profiles of Adult Learners. Adult Education Quarterly. https://doi.org/10.1177/0741713616669588
q2 · i? · associational · r1
Independent t tests comparing 99 participants below secondary education with 89 at or above it (Table 2): controlled regulation t = 6.14, p < .001; academic self-concept t = −3.09, p < .01; learning strategies t = −2.17, p < .05. The article prints these group means and test values.
"The group below the secondary educational level also scored lower in academic self-concept and learning strategies. No significant differences were found in any of the variables between employed and unemployed participants"
Discussion¶
Related Claims¶
- Adult learners score much higher in autonomous than controlled regulation, with autonomous regulation mean 3.44 versus controlled 2.42 — related
- Controlled motivation showed no negative effects on the desirable outcomes measured, and no profile differences emerged in academic self-concept or teacher-reported engagement — reports the opposite
- Adult learners' motivational profiles differ significantly in self-efficacy, learning strategies and behavioral engagement: the good-quality motivation group scores higher on all three, the high-quantity group on strategies and engagement only — related
- Autonomous regulation correlates positively with self-efficacy, learning strategies, and behavioral engagement, while controlled regulation shows no significant linear relations with these outcomes — related
- Men show significantly lower autonomous regulation than women among adult learners — related
Page metadata
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
type |
claim |
id |
educational-level-controlled-regulation-self-concept |
title |
Adult learners below secondary education show higher controlled regulation and lower academic self-concept and learning strategies than those above it |
description |
Adult learners below secondary education show higher controlled regulation and lower academic self-concept and learning strategies than those above it |
status |
review |
evidence_strength |
moderate |
newest_evidence |
2017 |
recheck_by |
2022 |
generated |
by process:wiki-ingest on 2026-10-17 |
trust |
unverified — no one has confirmed this page's content |
sources |
1 — ana-rothes-2017 |
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