The negative PSU–achievement relationship is stronger among elementary/middle school students, with educational level the only significant moderator¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · quant-synthesis r3 · q4 · i2 medium
Currency · newest study 2024 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q4 i2 Educational level significantly moderated the relationship (omnibus F(3, 29) = 3.327; p = 0.033; R2 = 21.80), the association being stronger in elementary/middle school samples (r = −0.214) than in tertiary samples (r = −0.092). → Paterna 2024

Evidence¶

Paterna 2024¶

Paterna, Adrian; Alcaraz-Ibáñez, Manuel; Aguilar-Parra, Jose M.; Salavera, Carlos; Demetrovics, Zsolt; Griffiths, Mark D. (2024). Problematic smartphone use and academic achievement: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Behavioral Addictions. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.2024.00014

q4 · i2 · quant-synthesis · r3

Univariate mixed-effects meta-regression across the 33 effect sizes testing categorical moderators. Table 2 prints the elementary/middle school intercept as r = −0.214 versus r = −0.092 for tertiary (college), the reference category; the article calls the former relationship medium-sized in the Discussion.

"Findings from the univariate meta-regression analysis for categorical variables (see Table 2) indicated that educational level was the only significant moderator of the relationship under consideration (omnibus-test [3, 29] = 3.327; p = 0.033; R2 = 21.80), this being stronger among samples from elementary/middle school students."

Discussion¶

Related Claims¶

• The PSU–achievement relationship is not significantly moderated by sex, region, age, year of publication, study quality, achievement indicator, PSU assessment format, or publication status — related
• Problematic smartphone use shows a small negative pooled correlation with academic achievement (r = −0.110) — related