Problematic smartphone use shows a small negative pooled correlation with academic achievement (r = −0.110)¶
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Evidence · 1 study · quant-synthesisr3·q4·i1small
Currency · newest study 2024 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person
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Reading the evidence codes
q is the design tier, i the impact, n the sample, and the kind with its r
the rigour judged within that kind: what each code means.
This claim: no standardized effect is recorded in observations/ for it yet, so no benchmark reading is possible.
q4 i1 Across 33 effect sizes from 29 studies (N = 48,490), PSU and academic achievement show a small negative pooled correlation under a random-effects model. → Paterna 2024
Evidence¶
Paterna 2024¶
Paterna, Adrian; Alcaraz-Ibáñez, Manuel; Aguilar-Parra, Jose M.; Salavera, Carlos; Demetrovics, Zsolt; Griffiths, Mark D. (2024). Problematic smartphone use and academic achievement: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Behavioral Addictions. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.2024.00014
q4 · i1 · quant-synthesis · r3
Meta-analysis of 33 effect sizes from 29 cross-sectional studies (N = 48,490) retrieved up to February 2023, pooled with a random-effects model. The printed effect size is r = −0.110 (p < 0.001), described as "a negative small-sized effect" with high heterogeneity (I2 = 93.70).
"Findings from the random-effects model (see Fig. 2) showed a negative small-sized effect (r = −0.110, p < 0.001; 95% CI = −0.156 to −0.066, I2 = 93.70)."
Discussion¶
Related Claims¶
- All available evidence on the PSU–achievement relationship is cross-sectional, preventing causal conclusions — related
- The pooled PSU–achievement estimate is consistent with the earlier Kates et al. (2018) meta-analysis while using far more effect sizes — related
- The pooled PSU–achievement estimate is robust to outlier removal and shows no evidence of publication bias — related
- The negative PSU–achievement relationship is stronger among elementary/middle school students, with educational level the only significant moderator — related
- The PSU–achievement relationship is not significantly moderated by sex, region, age, year of publication, study quality, achievement indicator, PSU assessment format, or publication status — related
- Exploratory meta-analysis yields a small, non-significant pooled negative PSMU–AP correlation with substantial heterogeneity — related
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