Before treatment, most EFL learners showed problems in speaking, especially in vocabulary and grammar¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · causal r1 · q2
Currency · newest study 2018 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person · overdue for a recheck since 2023: baselines and conditions change

Subclaims¶

q2 i? Pre-test results indicated most EFL learners had problems on speaking skill, especially for the elements of vocabulary and grammar. → Husnu 2018

Evidence¶

Husnu 2018¶

Muhammad Husnu. (2018). Demonstration Technique to Improve Vocabulary and Grammar Element in Teaching Speaking at EFL Learners. English Language Teaching, 11(2). http://doi.org/10.5539/elt.v11n2p26

q2 · i? · causal · r1

Descriptive finding from the Findings section: pre-test scores were low, with the experimental group's lowest score 3 and highest 5, and the control group's lowest 4 and highest 5. This is a descriptive baseline observation, not a tested comparison.

"Based on the result and mean score of pre-test, it indicated that most of the EFL learners got problems on speaking skill especially for the elements of vocabulary and grammar."

Discussion¶

Related Claims¶

• Demonstration technique significantly improves the vocabulary and grammar element of speaking in EFL learners — related
• After demonstration-technique treatment, students were more active and more confident expressing their ideas than at pre-test — related
• EFL learners rank speaking as the skill most urgently needing improvement, with pragmatic routines the top speaking sub-skill — related