After eight encounters in reading, L2 learners recognize the form and meaning of unknown words better than they can recall their meaning¶
Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · causalr1·q3
Currency · newest study 2016 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person
Subclaims¶
Reading the evidence codes
q is the design tier, i the impact, n the sample, and the kind with its r
the rigour judged within that kind: what each code means.
This claim: no standardized effect is recorded in observations/ for it yet, so no benchmark reading is possible.
q3 i? After eight encounters, L2 participants recognized the form of target items significantly better than they recalled their meaning, and recognized meaning significantly better than they recalled it. → Pellicer-Sánchez 2016
q3 i? Descriptively, L2 readers recognized the form and meaning of 86% and 75% of target nonwords and recalled the meaning of 55%. → Pellicer-Sánchez 2016
Evidence¶
Pellicer-Sánchez 2016¶
Pellicer-Sánchez, Ana. (2016). Incidental L2 Vocabulary Acquisition From and While Reading: An Eye-Tracking Study. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 38(1), 97-130. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0272263115000224
q3 · i? · causal · r1
One-way within-groups ANOVA on the three vocabulary tests of 23 L2 participants after reading a story with six nonwords repeated eight times; Bonferroni post hoc tests showed "recognize the form of the target items significantly better than to recall their meaning". The abstract reports 86% form recognition, 75% meaning recognition, 55% meaning recall.
"after eight encounters, L2 participants were able to recognize the form of the target items significantly better than to recall their meaning ( p < .001) and that they were able to recognize their meaning significantly better than to recall it ( p < .001)"
Discussion¶
Related Claims¶
- L2 learners report higher certainty for meaning recognition than for meaning recall or form recognition of newly encountered words — related
- Vocabulary knowledge gained from eight encounters persisted over two weeks, with no significant immediate-to-delayed test differences — related
- Recognition tests yield higher word-learning effect sizes than recall tests — related
- Unknown words are read significantly longer than known control words in all four eye-tracking measures — related
- Reading times for unknown words decrease significantly after three to four encounters, and by eight encounters unknown words are read like known words — related
Page metadata
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
type |
claim |
id |
eight-encounters-form-meaning-recognition-exceed-recall |
title |
After eight encounters in reading, L2 learners recognize the form and meaning of unknown words better than they can recall their meaning |
description |
After eight encounters in reading, L2 learners recognize the form and meaning of unknown words better than they can recall their meaning |
status |
review |
evidence_strength |
moderate |
newest_evidence |
2016 |
generated |
by process:wiki-ingest on 2026-10-15 |
trust |
unverified — no one has confirmed this page's content |
sources |
1 — pellicer-sánchez-2016 |
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