Unknown words are read significantly longer than known control words in all four eye-tracking measures¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · causal r1 · q3
Currency · newest study 2016 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q3 i? For L2 readers, mean reading times for target nonwords were significantly longer than for controls in first fixation duration, gaze duration, number of fixations, and total reading time. → Pellicer-Sánchez 2016

Evidence¶

Pellicer-Sánchez 2016¶

Pellicer-Sánchez, Ana. (2016). Incidental L2 Vocabulary Acquisition From and While Reading: An Eye-Tracking Study. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 38(1), 97-130. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0272263115000224

q3 · i? · causal · r1

Nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis tests comparing L2 participants' (n = 23) reading of six target nonwords versus six known control words, each repeated eight times in the story. All four measures showed significantly longer reading times for targets.

"mean reading times for targets were significantly longer than for controls in all four measures examined (first fixation duration: χ 2 [1] = 21.61, p < .001; gaze duration: χ 2 [1] = 35.59, p < .001; number of fixations: χ 2 [1] = 65.24, p < .001; total reading time: χ 2 [1] = 80.93, p < .001"

Discussion¶

Related Claims¶

• Longer online reading times on unknown words are associated with higher vocabulary recall test scores — related
• Reading times for unknown words decrease significantly after three to four encounters, and by eight encounters unknown words are read like known words — related
• The L1-L2 distinction in incidental vocabulary acquisition from reading lies in the rate, not the ultimate outcome, of the acquisition process — related
• After eight encounters in reading, L2 learners recognize the form and meaning of unknown words better than they can recall their meaning — related
• Eye tracking can identify which words a second-language reader had trouble understanding — related
• Lexical simplification (high-frequency target words) substantially reduces word-level processing times in adult sentence reading — related