Embedded-source and document-source trustworthiness scores differed, suggesting an interplay between layers rather than one-layered reflection¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study (2 entries) · causal r2 · q2
Currency · newest study 2025 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q2 i? ES scores differed from DS manipulation-check scores for high-trust sources. → Franco Londra 2025 q2 i? ES scores differed from DS scores for low-trust sources. → Franco Londra 2025 (2)

Evidence¶

Franco Londra 2025¶

Franco Londra, Magalí Martínez, Gaston Saux. (2025). Sources within sources: The dynamic influence of multiple documents trustworthiness when evaluating and using an embedded source. Metacognition and Learning. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11409-025-09427-z

q2 · i? · causal · r2

Wilcoxon-style contrast of ES trustworthiness scores against the DS manipulation check, reported in the Discussion. The article prints "HT-ES Mdn = 5, HT-DS Mdn = 8, W = 1385, p <.001, rpb =.736"; no standardized effect size in d-type units is printed, so impact is null.

"HT-ES Mdn = 5, HT-DS Mdn = 8, W = 1385, p <.001, rpb =.736"

Franco Londra 2025 (2)¶

Franco Londra, Magalí Martínez, Gaston Saux. (2025). Sources within sources: The dynamic influence of multiple documents trustworthiness when evaluating and using an embedded source. Metacognition and Learning. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11409-025-09427-z

q2 · i? · causal · r2

Same contrast for low-trust sources, reported in the Discussion. The article prints "LT-ES Mdn = 2.5, LT-DS Mdn = 1, W = 299 p =.005, rpb =.470"; the amplitude between high- and low-trust scores was larger for DS than ES.

"LT-ES Mdn = 2.5, LT-DS Mdn = 1, W = 299 p =.005, rpb =.470"

Discussion¶

Related Claims¶

• References to the embedded source did not differ by sequence type, ranging from 17.6% to 35% across conditions
• Embedded-source trustworthiness evaluations do not change across positions when both document sources have similar trustworthiness — related
• After reading the first text, embedded-source trustworthiness evaluations did not vary between sequences — related
• Embedded-source trustworthiness evaluations shift toward the trustworthiness of the most recent document source in mixed sequences — related