Embedded-source trustworthiness evaluations shift toward the trustworthiness of the most recent document source in mixed sequences¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · causal r2 · q3
Currency · newest study 2025 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q3 i? In the HT-LT sequence, ES trustworthiness decreased on average 2.5 points from position 1 to position 2. → Franco Londra 2025

Evidence¶

Franco Londra 2025¶

Franco Londra, Magalí Martínez, Gaston Saux. (2025). Sources within sources: The dynamic influence of multiple documents trustworthiness when evaluating and using an embedded source. Metacognition and Learning. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11409-025-09427-z

q3 · i? · causal · r2

Linear mixed-model analysis of ES ratings in the HT-LT mixed sequence (n = 72 analyzed). The article reports ES trustworthiness "decreased on average 2.5 points from position 1 (M = 5.05, SE = 0.68) to 2 (M = 2.53, SE = 0.68)"; no standardized effect size is printed.

"In the HT-LT Sequence Type, ES trustworthiness decreased on average 2.5 points from position 1 (M = 5.05, SE = 0.68) to 2 (M = 2.53, SE = 0.68), t(66) = 4.04, p <.001"

Discussion¶

Related Claims¶

• References to document sources showed a significant sequence-type by position interaction, driven by first-position texts in the HT-LT sequence; the hypothesized increase in mixed sequences was only partly supported
• References to the embedded source did not differ by sequence type, ranging from 17.6% to 35% across conditions
• Embedded-source and document-source trustworthiness scores differed, suggesting an interplay between layers rather than one-layered reflection — related
• Embedded-source trustworthiness evaluations do not change across positions when both document sources have similar trustworthiness — related
• After reading the first text, embedded-source trustworthiness evaluations did not vary between sequences — related