Experimental and control groups did not differ significantly on the ESP reading pretest¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · causal r2 · q2
Currency · newest study 2012 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q2 i? At the outset of the study the two groups were not significantly different in reading comprehension, establishing baseline equivalence. → Seyyed Mahdi Erfani 2012

Evidence¶

Seyyed Mahdi Erfani 2012¶

Seyyed Mahdi Erfani. (2012). Pictures Speak Louder than Words in ESP, Too! English Language Teaching, 5(8). https://doi.org/10.5539/elt.v5n8p164

q2 · i? · causal · r2

Independent t-test on pretest scores of the two groups (experimental M=18.04, SD=2.06; control M=17.91, SD=2.18; t-observed=1.16 below t-critical=2.00), confirming the groups "were not significantly different at the outset of the study".

"While the two groups were not significantly different at the outset of the study, they scored differently on the posttest and the difference was statistically significant."

Discussion¶

Related Claims¶

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