Evidence that domain-general perceptual-cognitive skills distinguish athletes is mixed; expertise appears domain-specific¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · review r2 · q2
Currency · newest study 2017 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q2 i? Evidence for individual differences in domain-generic basic visual and cognitive functions distinguishing experts is relatively weak or mixed, suggesting expertise arises through adaptations specific to the target domain. → Williams 2017

Evidence¶

Williams 2017¶

Williams, A. M., Fawver, B., & Hodges, N. J. (2017). Using the 'expert performance approach' as a framework for examining and enhancing skill learning: Improving understanding of how experts learn. Frontline Learning Research, 5(3), 139–154. https://doi.org/10.14786/flr.v5i3.267

q2 · i? · the article prints no effect size for this finding · review · r2

The review reports, citing Voss et al. (2010), that evidence for domain-generic skill differences is "relatively weak or at best mixed", whereas experts are consistently differentiated from novices on domain-specific perceptual-cognitive skills such as picking up biological motion, pattern recognition, and knowledge of situational probabilities. It attributes domain specificity to Ericsson and Kintsch (1995).

"In contrast, evidence pointing towards individual differences in measures of basic visual and cognitive function s (i.e., domain-generic skills) is relatively weak or at best mixed ( Voss, Kramer, Basak, Prakash, Roberts, 2010)."

Discussion¶

Learner Variables¶

• Prior Knowledge — predictor: learners who differ on it differ in outcomes

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