Students who failed both reading and math made up the majority of retained students, and fewer than 20% of them passed both subjects in Summer Bridge¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · associational r2 · q2
Currency · newest study 1999 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q2 i? Fewer than 20% of Summer Bridge students needing to raise scores in both reading and mathematics met the cutoff in both subjects by summer's end, and such students comprised 71% of retained third graders. → Melissa Roderick 1999

Evidence¶

Melissa Roderick 1999¶

Melissa Roderick, Anthony S. Bryk, Brian A. Jacob, John Q. Easton, Elaine Allensworth. (1999). Ending Social Promotion: Results from the First Two Years. Consortium on Chicago School Research. https://consortium.uchicago.edu/publications/ending-social-promotion-results-first-two-years

q2 · i? · associational · r2

Descriptive analysis of 1997 Summer Bridge results by subject-failure status (Sidebar 2); "Less than 20 percent of students who had to attend Summer Bridge to raise their test scores in both reading and mathematics managed to meet the test cutoff in both subjects by the end of the summer."

"Less than 20 percent of students who had to attend Summer Bridge to raise their test scores in both reading and mathematics managed to meet the test cutoff in both subjects by the end of the summer, regardless of whether they were third, sixth, or eighth graders."

Discussion¶

Related Claims¶

• Fewer than 60 percent of retained third and sixth graders in 1998 and 1999 raised their test scores to the promotional cutoff even with an extra January chance to pass — related
• Summer Bridge's second chance substantially raised promotion rates: by August 1997, 68% of included third graders, 79% of sixth graders, and 83% of eighth graders had met the cutoff — related
• Retained students struggled in their second time through the promotional policy, with only about half meeting cutoffs and eighth graders doing worst — related
• Passing rates under the Chicago promotional policy increased in all three grades from 1997 to 1999, mostly during the school year rather than Summer Bridge — related
• Summer Bridge produced short-term test-score gains and allowed more students to meet promotion cutoffs, particularly among sixth and eighth graders — related
• Only 43% of retained third graders and 47% of retained sixth graders met the test criteria by summer 1998 despite four chances, yet over two-thirds were promoted the next year largely due to waivers — related
• In 1997, 31% of third graders and about 20% of sixth and eighth graders were excluded from Chicago's promotional test-score policy, with bilingual education the main exclusion reason in third grade and special education in sixth and eighth — related