Exploratory analysis finds moderate-magnitude correlation between central fast spindle density and retention of no-feedback retrieval-practice items¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · causal r2 · q2 · i3 large
Currency · newest study 2025 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q2 i3 In an exploratory FDR-corrected analysis, central fast spindle density correlated significantly with memory retention after retrieval practice without feedback (r = 0.519), a pattern not observed in restudy or feedback conditions. → Jing Zhang 2025

Evidence¶

Jing Zhang 2025¶

Jing Zhang, Xiaoning Huo, Hongbo Lv, Jiahua Xu & Xiaofeng Ma. (2025). Offline consolidation mechanisms of the retrieval practice effect: an analysis based on EEG signal characteristics. npj Science of Learning. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41539-025-00349-8

q2 · i3 · causal · r2

Exploratory correlation analysis of PSG-recorded central fast spindle density against recall change rate in the nap group's no-feedback retrieval practice condition; the exploratory analysis printed r = 0.519, p(FDR-corrected) = 0.033 for the mean of the C3 and C4 electrodes.

"central fast spindle density (mea n of C3 and C4 electrodes) showed significant correlation with memory retention following retrieval practice without feedback ( r = 0.519, p(FDR-corrected) =0 . 0 3 3 )"

Discussion¶

Related Claims¶

• Exploratory analysis finds moderate-magnitude correlation between fast spindle-slow oscillation coupling strength and retention of no-feedback retrieval-practice items — related
• Longer NREM periods in a short nap negatively correlate with subsequent encoding performance, possibly due to sleep inertia — related
• Napping reduces forgetting only for items learned by retrieval practice without feedback, not for restudied or feedback-retrieved items — related
• Wake groups show greater recall-change differences between learning conditions than nap groups, driven by no-feedback items — related