Wake groups show greater recall-change differences between learning conditions than nap groups, driven by no-feedback items¶
Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · causalr1·q2·i3large
Currency · newest study 2025 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person
Subclaims¶
Reading the evidence codes
q is the design tier, i the impact, n the sample, and the kind with its r
the rigour judged within that kind: what each code means.
This claim: no standardized effect is recorded in observations/ for it yet, so no benchmark reading is possible.
q2 i3 The interaction between learning-type differences and group was significant (η² = 0.23), with the wake group showing significantly higher NRP-RP and NRP-RS difference values than the nap group and no significant group difference for RP-RS. → Jing Zhang 2025
Evidence¶
Jing Zhang 2025¶
Jing Zhang, Xiaoning Huo, Hongbo Lv, Jiahua Xu & Xiaofeng Ma. (2025). Offline consolidation mechanisms of the retrieval practice effect: an analysis based on EEG signal characteristics. npj Science of Learning. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41539-025-00349-8
q2 · i3 · causal · r1
Repeated-measures ANOVA comparing recall-change differences between learning types (NRP-RP, NRP-RS, RP-RS) across nap and wake groups; η² = 0.23 for the interaction with the printed pairwise contrasts.
"the interaction between the differences and group was significant, F(2,45) = 6.77, p < 0.01, η² = 0.23. Further simple effects analysis showed that the NRP-RP value for the wake group was significantly higher than that for the nap group (p < 0.001), and the NRP-RS value for the wake group was also significantly higher than that for the nap group (p < 0.01)"
Discussion¶
Related Claims¶
- Nap benefits for no-feedback retrieval-practice items appear at both 90-minute immediate and 24-hour delayed tests — related
- Napping reduces forgetting only for items learned by retrieval practice without feedback, not for restudied or feedback-retrieved items — related
- Exploratory analysis finds moderate-magnitude correlation between central fast spindle density and retention of no-feedback retrieval-practice items — related
- Exploratory analysis finds moderate-magnitude correlation between fast spindle-slow oscillation coupling strength and retention of no-feedback retrieval-practice items — related
- Retrieval practice with feedback yields higher recall than restudy, which yields higher recall than no-feedback retrieval practice — related
- Sleep stage duration and architecture show no significant correlation with memory change in this nap paradigm — related
Page metadata
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
type |
claim |
id |
wake-group-greater-recall-change-differences |
title |
Wake groups show greater recall-change differences between learning conditions than nap groups, driven by no-feedback items |
description |
Wake groups show greater recall-change differences between learning conditions than nap groups, driven by no-feedback items |
status |
review |
evidence_strength |
moderate |
newest_evidence |
2025 |
generated |
by process:wiki-ingest on 2026-10-26 |
trust |
unverified — no one has confirmed this page's content |
sources |
1 — jing-zhang-2025 |
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