The GenAI-RTS is supported by a five-factor structure in which Strategic reliance comprises Deliberate Use and Critical Evaluation facets alongside Instrumental, Dependent, and Dialogic factors¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · design r3 · q2
Currency · newest study 2026 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q2 i? Confirmatory factor analyses of six competing models indicated support for a five-factor structure with Strategic reliance split into two facets. → Hossain 2026

Evidence¶

Hossain 2026¶

Hossain, S., & Nawmi, T. A. (2026). Measuring How Students Rely on Generative AI in Academic Writing: Development and Multi-Source Validation of the Generative AI Reliance Types Scale (GenAI-RTS). https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.14301 doi:10.48550/arxiv.2607.14301

q2 · i? · design · r3

Competing-model confirmatory factor analysis in a survey of 382 undergraduates (n = 375 after listwise deletion) compared one- through five-factor and higher-order specifications. The article reports support for the five-factor model with "CFI = .92, RMSEA = .08" under ML and "DWLS CFI = .98, RMSEA = .07".

"Confirmatory factor analyses of six competing models indicated support for a five-factor structure. Within this structure, Strategic Reliance consists of two facets, Deliberate Use and Critical Evaluation, in addition to Instrumental, Dependent, and Dialogic factors (CFI = .92, RMSEA = .08; DWLS CFI = .98, RMSEA = .07)."

Discussion¶

Related Claims¶

• Critical Evaluation and Dependent reliance emerge as empirically distinct constructs, with near-zero correlation between the two facets — a narrower finding that bears on this claim
• Confirmatory factor analysis in an independent sample supports the five-factor correlated model over collapsed and one-factor alternatives — possibly the same claim (merge candidate)
• Rasch analysis indicates a five-point response format would improve the GenAI-RTS's category functioning — related
• Strategic reliance is positively associated with AI literacy, and the reliance types differentiate students across writing process and outcome variables — related
• Undergraduate LLM reliance classifies into four types — Strategic (34.3%), Instrumental (30.9%), Dialogic (30.4%), and Dependent (4.5%) — using a threshold-based classification rule — related
• Strategic users score lowest on standard AI-outcome measures, reflecting instrument validity limits that reward AI-driven outcomes over writing quality — related
• Reliance, trust, and dependency are distinct constructs requiring separate measurement from AI-literacy totals — related
• The 28 GenAI literacy criteria function coherently as indicators of a single underlying construct in a Rasch partial credit analysis — related
• Scalar measurement invariance of the GenAI-RTS holds across gender, first-generation status, and STEM/non-STEM majors — related
• Confirmatory factor analysis supports both distinct 11-factor and four higher-order group structures of the Wheel across educational levels — related