Claims

Confirmatory factor analysis supports both distinct 11-factor and four higher-order group structures of the Wheel across educational levels

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · review r2 · q2
Currency · newest study 2023 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims

Reading the evidence codes

q is the design tier, i the impact, n the sample, and the kind with its r the rigour judged within that kind: what each code means.

This claim: no standardized effect is recorded in observations/ for it yet, so no benchmark reading is possible.

q2 i? Modelling the Wheel's 11 factors as distinct but correlated factors fits data well across elementary, high school, and university students, and higher-order factor analysis also supports the a priori four-group clustering. → Andrew J. Martin 2023

Evidence

Andrew J. Martin 2023

Andrew J. Martin. (2023). Integrating Motivation and Instruction: Towards a Unified Approach in Educational Psychology. Educational Psychology Review. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-023-09774-w

q2 · i? · review · r2

The review reports, citing Martin (2009), confirmatory and higher-order factor analysis findings for the Wheel's structure. Both the distinct 11-factor model and the a priori four-group higher-order clustering "represents a good fit to data" across educational levels. No effect sizes are printed.

"confirmatory factor analysis shows that modelling these as distinct (but correlated) factors provides a good fit to data among elementary school students, high school students, and university/college students (Martin, 2009). However, higher order factor analysis shows that the a priori thematic clustering of factors within each of positive motivation, positive engagement, negative motivation, and negative engagement also represents a good fit to data."

Discussion

Page metadata
Field Value
type claim
id wheel-cfa-structure-support
title Confirmatory factor analysis supports both distinct 11-factor and four higher-order group structures of the Wheel across educational levels
description Confirmatory factor analysis supports both distinct 11-factor and four higher-order group structures of the Wheel across educational levels
status review
evidence_strength moderate
newest_evidence 2023
generated by process:wiki-ingest on 2026-10-21
trust unverified — no one has confirmed this page's content
sources 1 — andrew-j-martin-2023

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