Girls scored significantly higher than boys on writing quality, handwriting fluency, and attitude toward writing¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · causal r2 · q3
Currency · newest study 2023 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q3 i? Across both cohorts, girls scored significantly higher on average than boys on all three outcome measures. → Skar 2023

Evidence¶

Skar 2023¶

Skar, G. B., Graham, S., & Huebener, A. (2023). The Long-Term Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Children's Writing: a Follow-up Replication Study. Educational Psychology Review. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-023-09729-1

q3 · i? · causal · r2

Student-level covariate results from the three-level regression models (Table 3): gender estimates favoring girls were 0.312 (text quality), 4.731 (handwriting fluency), and 0.233 (attitude), each p < 0.001. No standardized effect size is printed.

"Regarding the student-level covariates, girls scored significantly higher on aver - age than boys on all three outcome measures."

Discussion¶

Learner Variables¶

• Gender — predictor: outcomes differ by group: a gap reflecting circumstances and treatment, not a cause
• Writing Skills — predictor: learners who differ on it differ in outcomes

Related Claims¶

• ACE-outcome associations did not differ between girls and boys — related
• Bilingual students scored significantly lower on text quality than L1 students, with L2 differences marginal for text quality and handwriting fluency — related