During the pandemic, Grade 4 students with SEN-L experienced less favorable home learning environments and lower parental support than non-SEN students, while Grade 9 group differences were largely non-significant¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study (2 entries) · associational r3 · q3
Currency · newest study 2025 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q3 i? Grade 4 SEN-L-R and SEN-L-S students had significantly less favorable home learning environments than non-SEN students, and parents of non-SEN students reported better support ability than parents of both SEN-L groups. → Rebecca Schneider 2025 q3 i? In Grade 9, group differences in pandemic learning conditions were not significant except for problems during distance learning, which non-SEN students faced more often than SEN-L-S students. → Rebecca Schneider 2025 (2)

Evidence¶

Rebecca Schneider 2025¶

Rebecca Schneider, Sebastian Weirich, Poldi Kuhl, Stefan Schipolowski, Petra Stanat. (2025). COVID-19-related differences in students' verbal achievements: Comparisons of different cohorts of students with SEN based on large-scale assessment data from Germany. Learning and Instruction 100 (2025) 102228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2025.102228

q3 · i? · associational · r3

Group comparisons of pandemic learning conditions from student, parent, and teacher questionnaires in the 2021 Grade 4 assessment. The article reports the home learning environment was "significantly more unfavorable for SEN-L-R and SEN-L-S students than for non-SEN students."

"In Grade 4, the learning environment at home was significantly more unfavorable for SEN-L-R and SEN-L-S students than for non-SEN students (indicated by superscript letters; see Appendix C for statistical parameters)."

Rebecca Schneider 2025 (2)¶

Rebecca Schneider, Sebastian Weirich, Poldi Kuhl, Stefan Schipolowski, Petra Stanat. (2025). COVID-19-related differences in students' verbal achievements: Comparisons of different cohorts of students with SEN based on large-scale assessment data from Germany. Learning and Instruction 100 (2025) 102228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2025.102228

q3 · i? · associational · r3

Group comparisons of pandemic learning conditions in the 2022 Grade 9 assessment. The article reports that "group differences were not significant in Grade 9 with the exception of problems occurring during distance learning."

"In contrast, group differences were not significant in Grade 9 with the exception of problems occurring during distance learning. Non-SEN students were more likely to face problems at home during distance learning than SEN-L-S students (Table 3)."

Discussion¶

Learner Variables¶

• Home Learning Environment — outcome: instruction changes it

Related Claims¶

• Grade 4 pandemic learning conditions were significantly related to verbal achievement, with the teacher-rated functioning of distance learning relating more positively to achievement for non-SEN than SEN-L-S students — related
• In Grade 9, fewer problems during distance learning were associated with better verbal achievement, summer school attendance was associated with lower reading and listening achievement, and learning-condition relations did not differ between student groups — related
• In Grade 9, negative achievement trends emerged for non-SEN and SEN-L-R students in all domains, and SEN-L-R trends were always significantly more pronounced than for non-SEN peers — related
• The article concludes the negative cohort trends are likely in part attributable to pandemic-related schooling restrictions, while acknowledging attribution cannot be fully confirmed — related
• Grade 4 cohorts affected by COVID-19 restrictions showed significant negative trends in verbal achievement for non-SEN and SEN-L-R students in all three domains, and for SEN-L-S students only in orthography — related