Only in the 5th-grade group were moderate positive correlations found, between visual-motor integration and motor coordination (r = 0.748) and between visual perception and dysgraphia classification (r = 0.643)¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · associational r1 · q2 · i3 large
Currency · newest study 2017 · checked against its sources 2026-10-20 (automated, 1 of 1 entry) · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q2 i3 In group GV, VMI correlated with MC (r = 0.748, p = 0.013) and VP correlated with dysgraphia classification (r = 0.643, p = 0.045); the authors mark both as significant, although neither p-value meets the Bonferroni threshold (p < 0.0008) they state. → Capellini 2017

Evidence¶

Capellini 2017¶

Capellini, S. A., Giaconi, C., & Germano, G. D. (2017). Relation between Visual Motor Integration and Handwriting in Students of Elementary School. Psychology, 8, 258-270. https://doi.org/10.4236/psych.2017.82015

q2 · i3 · associational · r1

Correlation analysis across VMI, VP, MC and dysgraphia classification for the whole population, Bonferroni-corrected at p < 0.0008. Table 7 prints GV correlations of r = 0.748 (VMI-MC, p = 0.013) and r = 0.643 (VP-classification, p = 0.045), both marked significant although neither meets the stated corrected threshold; "only group GV there was two positives correlations with moderate force".

"Results are reported i n Table 7 showed that only group GV there was two positives correlations with moderate force (Zou, Tunacall, & Silverman, 2003) between VMI and MC"

Discussion¶

Learner Variables¶

• Visual Processing — predictor: learners who differ on it differ in outcomes
• Writing Skills — outcome: instruction changes it

Related Claims¶

• Dysgraphia classification differs significantly across grade groups, with 80% of 1st graders, 10% of 3rd graders and 60% of 5th graders classified with dysgraphia — related
• Fine motor precision and manual dexterity are positively correlated with handwriting legibility in preschool children, and Functional Dexterity Test time is inversely correlated — related
• Visual-motor integration was the lowest-scoring ability and motor coordination the best-performing ability in every grade group — related
• Automaticity of handwriting predicts orthographic skills even when visual-motor integration is included in the model — related
• K-DTVP-2 and VMI-3R scores are strongly positively correlated (r = 0.855) — related
• Acquisition of visual perception, motor coordination and visual-motor integration does not progress linearly across grades 1 to 5 — related
• No significant difference was found between grade groups in the classification distribution of VMI, VP and MC performance levels — related
• First-grade students show inferior visual-motor integration, visual perception and motor coordination performance compared with the other grade groups — related
• Fine motor skills show a significant moderate overall correlation (r = .329) with academic-cognitive skills in children and adolescents — related