Hands-on activity groups show fewer erroneous operations than correct ones, and hands-on with video review students use video more than virtual simulation peers¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study (2 entries) · causal r2 · q2
Currency · newest study 2026 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q2 i? Behavior frequency counts showed erroneous operations occurred less frequently than correct operations within the hands-on activity groups, reversing the virtual simulation pattern. → Zhanyong Qi 2026 q2 i? Participants in hands-on activity with video review demonstrated a higher frequency of video operations than those in virtual simulation with video review. → Zhanyong Qi 2026 (2)

Evidence¶

Zhanyong Qi 2026¶

Zhanyong Qi, Jiayi Wang, Yue Du, Xinyue Zhang. (2026). The effect of blended learning approaches on vocational school students' practical skills performance and learning behaviors: virtual simulations or hands-on activities while accessing instructional videos. Instructional Science. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11251-026-09793-4

q2 · i? · causal · r2

Frequency counts of coded behaviors (Table 3) across the four conditions: in virtual simulation groups erroneous operations outnumbered correct ones, while the text states the hands-on groups showed the reverse pattern. The printed percentages in this sentence are internally inconsistent with the table.

"In contrast, within the hands-on activity groups, EO (132, 38.94%) occurred less frequently than CO (78, 13.13%)."

Zhanyong Qi 2026 (2)¶

Zhanyong Qi, Jiayi Wang, Yue Du, Xinyue Zhang. (2026). The effect of blended learning approaches on vocational school students' practical skills performance and learning behaviors: virtual simulations or hands-on activities while accessing instructional videos. Instructional Science. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11251-026-09793-4

q2 · i? · causal · r2

Descriptive frequency comparison of video-control behaviors (play, pause, fast-forward, rewind, speed) between the two video-review conditions, from the coded log data of the 2x2 experiment.

"It was further noted that participants in hands-on activity + video review demonstrated a higher frequency of video operations compared to those in virtual simulation + video review, indicating a preference for video-assisted learning during practical tasks."

Discussion¶

Related Claims¶

• Without video review, hands-on activities enhance vocational students' practical skill performance more effectively than virtual simulations — related
• Video review produces more structured reflective behavior patterns, with modality-specific video interaction sequences — related
• Video review raises learning interest under virtual simulation but not under hands-on activity — related
• Video review enhances practical skill performance in both modalities and eliminates the hands-on versus virtual simulation difference — related
• Video review scaffolds self-regulated learning, and hands-on activity groups show greater self-regulation than virtual simulation groups — related