Intraindividual and interindividual correlations between achievement goals and emotions are statistically independent yet empirically convergent, with goals and emotions less correlated within persons¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · associational r2 · q2
Currency · newest study 2016 · checked against its sources 2026-10-22 (automated, 1 of 1 entry) · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q2 i? Level 1 (within-person) and Level 2 (between-person) correlations are statistically independent, and some differ substantially, e.g., performance-approach and performance-avoidance goals were strongly correlated between persons but only moderately within persons. → Goetz 2016

Evidence¶

Goetz 2016¶

Goetz, T., Sticca, F., Pekrun, R., Murayama, K., & Elliot, A. J. (2016). Intraindividual relations between achievement goals and discrete achievement emotions: An experience sampling approach. Learning and Instruction, 41, 115-125. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2015.10.007

q2 · i? · associational · r2

Correlational analysis of the two-level state data (1409 assessments, 120 students) comparing Level 1 and Level 2 correlations (Tables 3 and 4). The article reports the printed r values and notes anxiety-shame correlations also differed (r ¼ .51 within vs. rs ¼ .80 and .94 between).

"performance-approach and performance-avoidance goals were clearly separated at the intraindividual level (r ¼ .48), in contrast to their strong correlation at the interindividual level ( rs ¼ .86 and .90 for trait goals and aggregated state goals, respectively)."

Discussion¶

Learner Variables¶

• Achievement Emotions — outcome: instruction changes it
• Achievement Goal Orientation — predictor: learners who differ on it differ in outcomes

Related Claims¶

• Between persons, trait mastery goals positively predict enjoyment and negatively predict anger and boredom; performance-approach goals predict pride; performance-avoidance goals predict anxiety and shame — related
• Beyond the hypothesized links, mastery goals also predicted pride, performance-approach goals predicted enjoyment and (weakly) shame, and performance-avoidance goals predicted anger — related
• Within persons, state performance-approach goals predict pride and state performance-avoidance goals predict anxiety and shame — related
• Trait depression, anxiety, and negative emotionality correlate with baseline emotion parameters but not with temporal dynamics (Study 1) — related