Practice produced large within-task speed gains: averaging 89 per cent for letter cancellation and over 200 per cent for digit-for-letter substitution¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study (2 entries) · causal r1 · q2
Currency · newest study 1909 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q2 i? In the first study, individual speed gains in letter cancellation ranged from 31 to 168 per cent with an average of 89. → Linus W. Kline 1909 q2 i? In the second study, improvement in digit-for-letter substitution varied from 90 to 333 per cent, averaging somewhat better than 200 per cent for most groups. → Linus W. Kline 1909 (2)

Evidence¶

Linus W. Kline 1909¶

Linus W. Kline, Ph.D. (1909). Some Experimental Evidence in Regard to Formal Discipline. The Journal of Educational Psychology. https://www.google.com/search?q=%22Some+experimental+evidence+in+regard+to+formal+discipline%22+Kline

q2 · i? · causal · r1

During the 14-day practice period of the first study, every subject gained in speed of striking out letters, though gains varied widely; the printed range is 31 to 168 per cent with an average of 89.

"The percentage of increase in speed ranges from 31 to 168, with an average of 89."

Linus W. Kline 1909 (2)¶

Linus W. Kline, Ph.D. (1909). Some Experimental Evidence in Regard to Formal Discipline. The Journal of Educational Psychology. https://www.google.com/search?q=%22Some+experimental+evidence+in+regard+to+formal+discipline%22+Kline

q2 · i? · causal · r1

In the second study, individual improvement between the first record and the best subsequent record varied from 90 to 333 per cent; the average for most groups was somewhat better than 200 per cent.

"The average im- provement for most of the groups of subjects was somewhat better than 200 per cent."

Discussion¶

Related Claims¶

• Twenty-two trials of practice translating English into code raised average output from 43 to a highest-record average of 239 code symbols per five-minute period, a 537% gain. — related
• Practice in substituting digits for letters transferred positively to writing symbols for digits but interfered with writing digits for symbols — related
• Letter-cancellation practice produced only small gains and some losses in parts-of-speech cancellation, while the unpracticed control group gained on all parts of speech — related
• Practice in writing code produced practically no transfer to digit-letter substitution: the practiced group gained 12%, two percent less than the unpracticed control group. — related
• A letter-cancellation practice group outperformed a control group in the first parts-of-speech test period — related
• The more the substitution practice was distributed over days, the larger the practice gains and the more pronounced the negative transfer effects — related
• Individual differences in substitution-test learning are large, ranging from 8 to 44 substitutions on the first day and reaching 214 for the best performer by trial sixteen — related