Individual differences in substitution-test learning are large, ranging from 8 to 44 substitutions on the first day and reaching 214 for the best performer by trial sixteen¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · causal r1 · q2
Currency · newest study 1913 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q2 i? The range of individual differences was very noticeable: the smallest first-day output among the reported white girls was eight letters and the largest forty-four, and by the sixteenth trial eight girls exceeded one hundred forty substitutions with the best completing two hundred fourteen. → Baldwin 1913

Evidence¶

Baldwin 1913¶

Baldwin, B. T. (1913). The learning of delinquent adolescent girls as shown by a substitution test. The Journal of Educational Psychology, IV(6), 317-332. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0069968

q2 · i? · causal · r1

Descriptive report of the white girls' practice data in Chart I and Table I. The author also reports the lowest individual Senior average as 26.5 and the highest as 111.2, and states that as a rule the neatest and most accurate girls accomplished the most substitutions.

"At the sixteenth trial eight white girls were doing one hundred and forty or more substitutions during the five-minute practice period, and the best girl (No. 3) completed two hundred and fourteen substitutions, or letters, during the last practice period."

Discussion¶

Related Claims¶

• Practice produced large within-task speed gains: averaging 89 per cent for letter cancellation and over 200 per cent for digit-for-letter substitution — related
• Twenty-two trials of practice translating English into code raised average output from 43 to a highest-record average of 239 code symbols per five-minute period, a 537% gain. — related
• Practice in substituting digits for letters transferred positively to writing symbols for digits but interfered with writing digits for symbols — related