Primary motor cortex (M1) is involved in observational motor adaptation: inhibiting M1 disrupts learning and observing adaptation sequences increases M1 excitability¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study (2 entries) · quant-synthesis r2 · q2
Currency · newest study 2024 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q2 i? rTMS inhibition of M1 during observational practice reduced learning (reduced curvature after incongruent, increased curvature after congruent observation). → Julian Rudisch 2024 q2 i? TMS showed increased corticomotor excitability of right-hand muscles after observing an adaptation sequence, but not after observing an unlearnable mixed condition. → Julian Rudisch 2024 (2)

Evidence¶

Julian Rudisch 2024¶

Julian Rudisch, Luis K. H. Holzhauer, Karmen Kravanja, Fred H. Hamker & Claudia Voelcker-Rehage. (2024). A systematic review of observational practice for adaptation of reaching movements. npj Science of Learning. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41539-024-00271-5

q2 · i? · quant-synthesis · r?

Review narrative of Brown et al.'s rTMS experiment: inhibiting M1 during observation impaired adaptation; rTMS over the left superior frontal gyrus control site produced no learning differences. No effect size printed in the review.

"They revealed a reduced trajectory curvature following incongruent, and an increased trajectory curvature fol- lowing congruent observational practice, indicating reduced learning in groups where M1 was inhibited during action observation."

Julian Rudisch 2024 (2)¶

Julian Rudisch, Luis K. H. Holzhauer, Karmen Kravanja, Fred H. Hamker & Claudia Voelcker-Rehage. (2024). A systematic review of observational practice for adaptation of reaching movements. npj Science of Learning. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41539-024-00271-5

q2 · i? · quant-synthesis · r2

Review narrative of McGregor et al.'s TMS experiment probing corticomotor excitability of left M1 before and after observation; excitability increased only after the learnable adaptation sequence. No effect size printed in the review.

"McGregor, et al.46 found an increase in the excitability of the right hand (FDI and APB muscles) following obser vation of an adapta tion sequence (learning condition), whereas they found no changes in the excitability following observation of a control condition where actors performed reaches in an unlearnable environment"

Discussion¶

Related Claims¶

• Congruent observation reduces error (overall d = -1.71) while incongruent observation increases error (overall d = 1.19) — related
• Somatosensory cortex (S1) is involved in observational motor adaptation: median nerve stimulation disrupts learning and observation increases somatosensory evoked potentials correlated with learning gains — related
• Observational practice leads to adaptation of reaching in visuomotor rotation and force-field paradigms (d = -2.16 vs no practice) — related