Testimony at a 1987 congressional hearing reported 1985 SAT averages in which Black women scored 43 points below Black men and 264 points below white men, which the witness called a double penalty for minority females¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · theoretical r1 · q2
Currency · newest study 1989 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person · overdue for a recheck since 1994: baselines and conditions change
Evidence quality · No study behind this claim is a peer-reviewed article with a DOI: it rests on an ERIC document (a report, conference paper or thesis). It is kept because 2 design pages cite it; treat it as a lead to check, not an established finding.

Subclaims¶

q2 i? In 1985, black women scored 43 points lower than black men and 264 points lower than white men on the SAT, a pattern Rosser describes as a double penalty for minority females. → Sex and Race Differences on Standardized Tests: Oversight Hearings before the Subcommittee on Civil and Constitutional Rights of the Committee on the Judiciary 1989

Evidence¶

Sex and Race Differences on Standardized Tests: Oversight Hearings before the Subcommittee on Civil and Constitutional Rights of the Committee on the Judiciary 1989¶

Sex and Race Differences on Standardized Tests: Oversight Hearings before the Subcommittee on Civil and Constitutional Rights of the Committee on the Judiciary, House of Representatives, One Hundredth Congress, First Session. (1989). https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED312276

q2 · i? · the article prints no effect size for this finding · theoretical · r1

Testimony of Phyllis Rosser at the 1987 hearing reporting 1985 SAT score averages by race and sex. The quote names the two-step comparison: minority women score "lower than the males in their ethnic group who, in turn, score lower than white males."

"Minority females are doubly penalized by the test. They all score lower than the males in their ethnic group who, in turn, score lower than white males. In 1985, black women scored 43 points lower than black men, and 264 points lower than white men."

Discussion¶

The entry reports one year of score averages for one group (Black test-takers) from a witness's testimony; the general statement about all minority females is the witness's, and no figures for other groups are recorded here. Score gaps alone do not show that the test, rather than unequal preparation or schooling, produces them.

Learner Variables¶

• Gender — predictor: outcomes differ by group: a gap reflecting circumstances and treatment, not a cause

Related Claims¶

• Congressional hearing testimony reports, citing a 1979 ETS study second-hand, that females tend to do better on test items with female or neutral figures than on items with male figures — related
• SAT scores underpredict the academic performance of high school girls, who average lower scores than boys despite higher grades — related
• PSAT-based National Merit scholarship selection distributes awards disproportionately to boys, with girls receiving 36 percent of scholarships — related
• Research on minority group testing has focused on test bias, linguistic minorities, and culture-fair tests, rarely on alternative symbolic forms — related
• Women admitted to MIT with lower SAT math scores perform as well as men in freshman math classes — related
• Intersectional brilliance stereotypes show mixed patterns, supporting both intersectional invisibility and double jeopardy accounts — related
• Testimony at a 1987 congressional hearing reported that the Johns Hopkins talent search, which admitted by SAT score, invited over 2,500 boys but 1,081 girls in one summer although equal numbers took the test — related