Correlations between two series of mirror-reading tests on the same 16 subjects range widely depending on how errors are scored, from .087 to .700.¶
Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · associationalr1·q2·i3large
Currency · newest study 1914 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person
Subclaims¶
Reading the evidence codes
q is the design tier, i the impact, n the sample, and the kind with its r
the rigour judged within that kind: what each code means.
This claim: no standardized effect is recorded in observations/ for it yet, so no benchmark reading is possible.
q2 i3 When time and error rankings are equated and errors valued by length of word, the two mirror-reading series correlate r = .700; with errors counted as wholes the coefficient is only .097. → Downey 1914
Evidence¶
Downey 1914¶
Downey, J. E., and Anderson, J. E. (1914). Form and Position in Handwriting Interpretation. Part I. The Journal of Educational Psychology. https://www.google.com/search?q=%22Form+and+position+in+handwriting+interpretation%22+Downey+Anderson
q2 · i3 · associational · r1
Two mirror-reading series were administered to 16 University of Wyoming reagents, with time taken by stop-watch and errors ranked three ways. The table prints the correlation coefficient r = .700 when 'Equated for Time and Error. Errors valued by length of word r .700', whereas errors counted as wholes gave .097 and by frequency .087.
"Equated for Time and Error. Errors valued by length of word r .700"
Discussion¶
Related Claims¶
- Samples A and C of illegible writing were much more difficult to read than sample B, as shown by equated average times and error ranges. — related
- Tests B and C correlate 0.901 when given to the same pupils in grades III to VIII — related
Page metadata
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
type |
claim |
id |
mirror-reading-test-retest-correlations-vary-by-scoring |
title |
Correlations between two series of mirror-reading tests on the same 16 subjects range widely depending on how errors are scored, from .087 to .700. |
description |
Correlations between two series of mirror-reading tests on the same 16 subjects range widely depending on how errors are scored, from .087 to .700. |
status |
review |
evidence_strength |
weak |
newest_evidence |
1914 |
generated |
by process:wiki-ingest on 2026-10-24 |
trust |
unverified — no one has confirmed this page's content |
sources |
1 — downey-1914 |
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