The technical approach has remained dominant in school swimming over the last two decades, with no temporal trend toward educational approaches¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · review r2 · q2
Currency · newest study 2026 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q2 i? Comparing programme orientations with publication year revealed no trend toward more educational approaches between the early 2000s and around 2020. → Trinidad Alfonso 2026

Evidence¶

Trinidad Alfonso 2026¶

Trinidad Alfonso, Mendoza-Castejón Daniel, Mercedes de la Calle Laura, del-Blanco-Muñiz José Ángel. (2026). Analysis of swimming teaching programs, aquatic competencies and specific skills in school settings from early childhood to secondary education: A systematic review. PLOS One. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0353477

q2 · i? · review · r2

Review synthesis comparing coded pedagogical orientations with publication year. The review reports "a lack of evolution in methodology, as the technical approach has remained dominant in school swimming over the last two decades".

"This stability in frequencies indicates a lack of evolution in methodology, as the technical approach has remained dominant in school swimming over the last two decades."

Discussion¶

Related Claims¶

• School swimming programmes predominantly adopt a technical-utilitarian orientation rather than an educational-curricular one (75% versus 25%) — related
• Assessment instruments in school swimming research focus on technical execution, with few tools aligned to functional aquatic competence — related
• Across the 25-year span of reviewed studies, educational approaches shifted from content-based to competency-based learning — related