Older adults show higher retrospective metacognitive accuracy than young adults in the selection-only task, especially on homogeneous unit-digit problems, but comparable accuracy in the selection-execution task¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · causal r2 · q3 · i2 medium
Currency · newest study 2017 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q3 i2 The Age x Task interaction on RCJ accuracy was significant, with young adults lower than older adults in selection-only, an effect larger on homogeneous (.71 vs. .84) than heterogeneous (.55 vs. .60) unit digits. → Marie Geurten & Patrick Lemaire 2017

Evidence¶

Marie Geurten & Patrick Lemaire 2017¶

Marie Geurten & Patrick Lemaire. (2017). Metacognition for Strategy Selection during Arithmetic Problem Solving in Young and Older Adults. https://www.google.com/search?q=Metacognition+for+Strategy+Selection+during+Arithmetic+Problem+Solving+in+Young+and+Older+Adults

q3 · i2 · causal · r2

Mixed-design 2 (Age) x 2 (Task) x 2 (Unit Digit) ANOVA on RCJ A'ROC in 66 adults. The Age x Task interaction reached "F(1,61) = 5.48, MSe = 1.65, η²p = .08, B = 3.23"; pairwise comparisons showed young adults lower than older adults in selection-only, larger on homogeneous (.71 vs. .84) than heterogeneous (.55 vs. .60) digits.

"the Age x Task, F(1,61) = 5.48, MSe = 1.65, η²p = .08, B = 3.23, the Task x Unit Digit, F(1,61) = 8.43, MSe = 1.47, η²p = .12, B = 8.61, and the Age x Task x Unit Digit interactions, F(1,61) = 6.89, MSe = 1.47, η²p = .10, B = 4.67, were significant"

Discussion¶

Related Claims¶

• Low-confidence judgments on one problem predict better strategy selection on the immediately following problem, equally in young and older adults — related
• The literature is mixed on age differences in the accuracy of retrospective confidence judgments during recognition memory tests, with older adults sometimes producing more high-confidence false alarms and poorer resolution with deceptive lures — related
• Retrospective metacognitive accuracy for strategy selection is higher in the selection-only task than the selection-execution task and on homogeneous than heterogeneous unit-digit problems — related
• Young and older adults make accurate retrospective confidence judgments but not prospective ease-of-selection judgments about their arithmetic strategy selections — related
• Collecting metacognitive judgments did not disrupt typical strategy selection and execution: both age groups selected the better strategy more on rounding-up homogeneous problems and executed rounding-down faster on homogeneous problems — related
• Eliciting confidence ratings leads to poorer metacognitive monitoring in older adults — related