Pedagogical agents do not significantly affect learners' engagement (g = -0.02, non-significant)¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · quant-synthesis r2 · q3
Currency · newest study 2025 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q3 i? Across 57 comparisons from 8 studies, PAs showed a small, non-significant effect on engagement (g = -0.02, p = 0.73). → Gladstone 2025

Evidence¶

Gladstone 2025¶

Gladstone, J. R., Schroeder, N. L., Heidig, S., Zhang, S., Palaguachi, C., & Pitera, M. (2025). Do Pedagogical Agents Enhance Student Motivation? Unraveling the Evidence Through Meta-Analysis. Educational Psychology Review. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-025-10050-2

q3 · i? · quant-synthesis · r2

Three-level meta-analysis with CHERVE of PA-versus-non-PA comparisons measuring engagement. The pooled effect was near zero and non-significant, with significant heterogeneity (Q(56) = 217.68, p < 0.001).

"The result of a random effects 3LMA with CHERVE meta-analysis found that the impact of PAs on learners' engagement was small and non-significant (g = − 0.02, p = 0.73, kcomparisons = 57, kstudies = 8)."

Discussion¶

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