Posttest scores of the phonological awareness treatment group were significantly higher than the control group's, with a large effect size¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study (2 entries) · causal r2 · q2 · i3 large
Currency · newest study 2018 · checked against its sources 2026-11-02 (automated, 2 of 2 entries) · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

Reading the evidence codes

q is the design tier, i the impact, n the sample, and the kind with its r the rigour judged within that kind: what each code means.

This claim: no standardized effect is recorded in observations/ for it yet, so no benchmark reading is possible.

q2 i? The treatment group (M=42.64) significantly outscored the control group (M=6.39) on the posttest, t=11.920, p=0.001. → Ibrahim 2018 q2 i3 The between-group effect was large, with the article reporting an effect size of 0.872. → Ibrahim 2018 (2)

Evidence¶

Ibrahim 2018¶

Mahmoud Ibrahim. (2018). Explicit Versus Implicit Modes of EFL Reading Literacy Instruction: Using Phonological Awareness With Adult Arab Learners. English Language Teaching, 11(9). https://doi.org/10.5539/elt.v11n9p144

q2 · i? · causal · r2

Independent t-test comparing posttest means of treatment (n=36, M=42.64, SD 17.06) and control (n=31, M=6.39, SD 6.01) groups in the quasi-experiment; t=11.920, p=0.001, a statistically significant between-group difference.

"T-test scored 11.92 with a P-value of 0.001 (less than 0.05), as illustrated in Table 5. This clearly shows there is a statistically significant difference between both groups giving evidence that using phonological awareness has a significant effect on the sample's EFL literacy."

Ibrahim 2018 (2)¶

q2 · i3 · causal · r2

The article computed Cohen's d from the between-subject t value and degrees of freedom, reporting an effect size of 0.872, "which indicates a large effect size".

"The value of Cohen's d was 3.567 making an effect size of 0.872, which indicates a large effect size."

Discussion¶

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