Compared to lecture-based learning, PACS-CBL produced the greatest improvement in theoretical exam scores, with 3D-PBL and 3D-CBL next, but PACS-CBL evidence was low quality¶
Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · quant-synthesisr2·q3
Currency · newest study 2026 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person
Subclaims¶
Reading the evidence codes
q is the design tier, i the impact, n the sample, and the kind with its r
the rigour judged within that kind: what each code means.
This claim: no standardized effect is recorded in observations/ for it yet, so no benchmark reading is possible.
q3 i? Versus LBL, PACS-CBL improved theoretical exam scores most (MD 13.53, 95% CI 11.83 to 15.23), followed by 3D-PBL (MD 9.44) and 3D-CBL (MD 7.83). → Gu Peng 2026
Evidence¶
Gu Peng 2026¶
Gu Peng, Xu Zhendong, Zhang Zheng, Wen Yonghao, Jia Yanqing, Du Ying, Wen Tianlin, Man Chao, Jia Zhiwei, Wu Yaohong, Li Wei. (2026). Comparative effectiveness of orthopedic teaching methods in China: a Bayesian network meta-analysis of randomized trials. BMC Medical Education. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-026-08582-4
q3 · i? · quant-synthesis · r2
Network meta-analysis of theoretical knowledge exam scores from 50 studies, reported via league matrix of 10 teaching designs with 45 comparisons; mean differences with 95% CIs versus LBL are as printed, and PACS-CBL's evidence was rated low quality while 3D-PBL was high quality.
"Compared to LBL, PACS-CBL (MD 13.53, 95% CI 11.83 to 15.23) had the greatest improvement in theoretical exam scores, followed by 3D-PBL (MD 9.44, 95% CI 8.69 to 10.19) and 3D-CBL (MD 7.83, 95% CI 6.99 to 8.66)."
Discussion¶
Related Claims¶
- 3D-PBL showed the greatest improvement in communication skills versus lecture-based learning, rated high-quality evidence — related
- 3D-PBL is the most effective orthopedic teaching method across all measured outcomes in Chinese undergraduate and postgraduate education — related
- CBL shows the largest effect on theoretical exam scores versus LBL (MD = 13.12) and ranks first among the seven methods — related
- MDT-CBL produced the greatest increase in learning interest versus lecture-based learning, but 3D-PBL was the only top-ranked option with high-quality evidence — related
- Compared to lecture-based learning, PACS-CBL produced the greatest improvement in practical skills exam scores, with 3D-PBL and PBL-CBL next at high evidence quality — related
- In Chinese neurology training, CBL, PBL, TBL, FCM and EBM each significantly improve theoretical exam scores compared with lecture-based learning — related
- Emerging teaching methods (PBL, CBL, FC) significantly improve dental students' exam scores compared to lecture-based learning — related
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