Group differences in activation are more extensive when behavioral performance is equated across groups, indicating they are not a consequence of worse performance¶
Claim · All claims
Evidence · 2 studies · 1 causalr2, 1 associationalr2·q3
Currency · newest study 2014 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person · overdue for a recheck since 2019: baselines and conditions change
Subclaims¶
Reading the evidence codes
q is the design tier, i the impact, n the sample, and the kind with its r
the rigour judged within that kind: what each code means.
This claim: no standardized effect is recorded in observations/ for it yet, so no benchmark reading is possible.
q3 i? When typical readers' Fast > Slow contrast was compared to dyslexic readers' Medium > Slow contrast under matched in-scanner accuracy, typical readers showed greater activation in almost all brain regions engaged by the task. → Christodoulou JA 2014
q3 i? Dyslexic readers showed greater activation than typical readers in left anterior cingulate regions under the performance-equated comparison. → Christodoulou JA 2014 (2)
Evidence¶
Christodoulou JA 2014¶
Christodoulou JA, Del Tufo SN, Lymberis J, Saxler PK, Ghosh SS, et al. (2014) Brain Bases of Reading Fluency in Typical Reading and Impaired Fluency in Dyslexia. PLoS ONE 9(7): e100552. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0100552
q3 · i? · causal · r2
A performance-equated whole-brain comparison matched typical readers' Fast > Slow contrast against dyslexic readers' Medium > Slow contrast, since accuracy did not differ significantly between these conditions. Typical readers showed greater activation in almost all engaged regions.
"Typical readers (Fast . Slow) and readers with dyslexia (Medium . Slow) were compared based on matched in-scanner performance (Table 4). Typical readers showed significantly greater activation in almost all brain regions engaged by the task"
Christodoulou JA 2014 (2)¶
Christodoulou JA, Del Tufo SN, Lymberis J, Saxler PK, Ghosh SS, et al. (2014) Brain Bases of Reading Fluency in Typical Reading and Impaired Fluency in Dyslexia. PLoS ONE 9(7): e100552. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0100552
q3 · i? · associational · r2
In the same performance-equated comparison, the dyslexic group showed greater activation than typical readers in left anterior cingulate regions, the only direction of group difference reported for this contrast.
"Readers with dyslexia showed greater activations compared to typical readers in left anterior cingulate regions."
Discussion¶
Related Claims¶
- In-scanner sentence judgment accuracy declines with faster word presentation rates, and dyslexic readers' accuracy declines disproportionately across rates — related
- Typical readers show significantly greater rate-related activation gains than dyslexic readers in left prefrontal and left superior temporal regions — related
- Typical readers respond faster than dyslexic readers overall, and responses slow as presentation rates increase, without a group-by-rate interaction for reaction time — related
- In-scanner sentence judgment accuracy correlates significantly with standardized reading fluency and phonological awareness scores across both groups — related
- The putative visual word form area increases activation with presentation rate similarly in both groups, with no group difference or group-by-rate interaction — related
Page metadata
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
type |
claim |
id |
performance-equated-activation-differences-persist |
title |
Group differences in activation are more extensive when behavioral performance is equated across groups, indicating they are not a consequence of worse performance |
description |
Group differences in activation are more extensive when behavioral performance is equated across groups, indicating they are not a consequence of worse performance |
status |
review |
evidence_strength |
moderate |
newest_evidence |
2014 |
recheck_by |
2019 |
generated |
by process:wiki-ingest on 2026-10-17 |
trust |
unverified — no one has confirmed this page's content |
sources |
2 — christodoulou-ja-2014, christodoulou-ja-2014-2 |
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