In the coded dataset, exploration was the most frequent phase (727 units, 48%), followed by integration (444, 29%), resolution (235, 15%), and non-cognitive presence (115, 8%)¶
Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · designr2·q2
Currency · newest study 2024 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person
Subclaims¶
Reading the evidence codes
q is the design tier, i the impact, n the sample, and the kind with its r
the rigour judged within that kind: what each code means.
This claim: no standardized effect is recorded in observations/ for it yet, so no benchmark reading is possible.
q2 i? Table 4 shows exploration 727 (48%), integration 444 (29%), resolution 235 (15%), non-cognitive presence 115 (8%), and the authors attribute the high integration and resolution shares to assignments designed to push students toward those phases. → Dornauer 2024
Evidence¶
Dornauer 2024¶
Dornauer, V., Netzer, M., Kaczkó, É., Norz, L.-M., & Ammenwerth, E. (2024). Automatic Classification of Online Discussions and Other Learning Traces to Detect Cognitive Presence. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40593-023-00335-4
q2 · i? · design · r2
Manual coding results (Table 4) reported as printed counts and percentages, plus the authors' own interpretation (marked as interpretation, not a tested result): the higher integration and resolution occurrence "could be because our work assignments were designed to urge students" toward those phases.
"In our dataset, the occurrence of integration and resolution was higher than in previous studies, e.g., Kovanović et al. (2016) and Neto et al. (2018, 2021). This could be because our work assignments were designed to urge students to reach integration and even resolution."
Discussion¶
Related Claims¶
- Cognitive presence comprises four phases of critical thinking — triggering event, exploration, integration, and resolution — which are not always sequential — a broader claim this one bears on
- The authors produced the first fully CoI-coded German dataset of 1,521 meaningful units from 1,147 posts, available on request — related
- Three expert coders reached 77.15% overall agreement (Fleiss' κ = 0.763) on the LCT MOOC sample, and over half of their disagreements lay between Exploration and Integration — related
Page metadata
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
type |
claim |
id |
phase-distribution-skew |
title |
In the coded dataset, exploration was the most frequent phase (727 units, 48%), followed by integration (444, 29%), resolution (235, 15%), and non-cognitive presence (115, 8%) |
description |
In the coded dataset, exploration was the most frequent phase (727 units, 48%), followed by integration (444, 29%), resolution (235, 15%), and non-cognitive presence (115, 8%) |
status |
review |
evidence_strength |
moderate |
newest_evidence |
2024 |
generated |
by process:wiki-ingest on 2026-10-27 |
trust |
unverified — no one has confirmed this page's content |
sources |
1 — dornauer-2024 |
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