Cognitive presence comprises four phases of critical thinking — triggering event, exploration, integration, and resolution — which are not always sequential¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · design r2 · q1
Currency · newest study 2024 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q1 i? Cognitive presence comprises four phases a student goes through in the critical thinking process: triggering event, exploration, integration, and resolution. → Dornauer 2024

Evidence¶

Dornauer 2024¶

Dornauer, V., Netzer, M., Kaczkó, É., Norz, L.-M., & Ammenwerth, E. (2024). Automatic Classification of Online Discussions and Other Learning Traces to Detect Cognitive Presence. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40593-023-00335-4

q1 · i? · design · r2

Definitional statement from the article's background section on the Community of Inquiry framework, which the study operationalizes into its coding scheme. The article describes cognitive presence as "the extent to which students can construct and confirm meaning through sustained reflection and discourse in a critical community of inquiry" and notes it is associated with higher-order and critical thinking.

"Cognitive presence comprises four phases a student goes through in the critical thinking process (Garrison et al., 2001): triggering event, exploration, integration, and resolution."

Discussion¶

Related Claims¶

• Partially correct predictions on the AgreementSet were mostly Exploration-labelled messages, with Integration more often the alternative predicted label than Triggering event — related
• In the coded dataset, exploration was the most frequent phase (727 units, 48%), followed by integration (444, 29%), resolution (235, 15%), and non-cognitive presence (115, 8%) — a narrower finding that bears on this claim
• Multi-label classifiers predicted MOOC messages as one label or two adjacent cognitive presence phases only, while expert coders produced non-adjacent and three-phase labels on almost 4% of messages — related
• Tested on coder-disagreement messages, multi-label classifiers labelled most messages into two adjacent phases with one predicted label matching the manual label, and partially correct predictions exceeded half of the set — related