Kindergarten phonological awareness explains about 34% of the variance in basic numerical skills (QNC Level I) one year later¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · associational r2 · q3
Currency · newest study 2009 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q3 i? Phonological awareness assessed at age five significantly predicted QNC Level I competencies (number words isolated from quantities) measured at T2. → Krajewski 2009

Evidence¶

Krajewski 2009¶

Krajewski, K., & Schneider, W. (2009). Exploring the impact of phonological awareness, visual-spatial working memory, and preschool quantity-number competencies on mathematics achievement in elementary school: Findings from a 3-year longitudinal study. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 103(4), 516-531. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2009.03.009

q3 · i? · associational · r2

Structural equation model on the longitudinal sample (108 children at T1, 91 at T4) showed phonological awareness at T1 predicted QNC Level I at T2; "About 34% of the differences in QNC Level I were explained by differences in phonological awareness". The path coefficient was printed without its beta symbol.

"About 34% of the differences in QNC Level I were explained by differences in phonological awareness ( = .58, p = .050)."

Discussion¶

Learner Variables¶

• Phonological Awareness — predictor: learners who differ on it differ in outcomes

Related Claims¶

• Phonological awareness has no direct effect on higher-order QNC (Level II and above) or Grade 3 math achievement once QNC skills are modeled, confirming the isolated number-words hypothesis — related
• Phonological awareness at age 4–5 does not predict later arithmetic skills despite being predicted by early oral language — reports the opposite
• QNC Level I predicts QNC Level II/III, which in turn predicts Grade 3 mathematics achievement; QNC Level I also retains a direct path to Grade 3 math — related
• Preschool counting skills and number knowledge directly predict formal arithmetic skills in primary school, together accounting for 40–46% of variance — related
• Visual-spatial working memory predicts higher-order QNC (Level II/III) but not basic numerical skills, and is linked to Grade 3 math only indirectly — related